from IPython.core.display import display, HTML
display(HTML("<style>.container { width:98% !important; }</style>"))
display(HTML("<style>.output_result { max-width:98% !important; }</style>"))
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime
from collections import Counter
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.util import ngrams, bigrams, trigrams
import statistics as stat
import seaborn as sns
import re
from nltk.stem.wordnet import WordNetLemmatizer
import plotly.colors as colors
import dataframe_image as dfi
# Set default color palette
colors_plotly_default = colors.qualitative.Plotly
main_path_mac = '/Users/philippmetzger/Documents/GitHub/battery_patents/'
main_path_ssd = '/Volumes/Samsung Portable SSD T3 Media/'
import sys
packages_path = main_path_mac+'/07 Packages'
sys.path.append(packages_path)
from helpers import (current_time_string,
image_saver,
country_labels_dict,
ctry_code_name_dict,
message,
numbers_dict)
# Read the whole dataset
dataset_name = 'data_batteries_2022-01-12_2001_ipf_only_classes_query_and_technologies_tagged'
path = main_path_ssd+'Dataset saves/04 From 15 Nov 2021 (release of 2021 Autumn edition)/01 Preprocessed/03 ipf only, classes query and technologies tagged/'+dataset_name+'.csv'
print('Loading data from:')
print(path)
data = pd.read_csv(path, delimiter = ";", low_memory = False, na_values=['', ' ', ' '], keep_default_na = False)
print('Number of rows:', len(data))
print('Distinct values in column "granted":', pd.unique(data['granted']))
# Reduce it to what we are interested in
a = (data['non_active_parts_electrodes_secondary_cells'] == 1)
b = (data['charging'] == 1)
c = (data['is_Redox flow'] == 1)
d = (data['is_Nickel–hydrogen'] == 1)
data_reduced = data[a | b | c | d].copy()
del data
data = data_reduced
Loading data from: /Volumes/Samsung Portable SSD T3 Media/Dataset saves/04 From 15 Nov 2021 (release of 2021 Autumn edition)/01 Preprocessed/03 ipf only, classes query and technologies tagged/data_batteries_2022-01-12_2001_ipf_only_classes_query_and_technologies_tagged.csv Number of rows: 2238481 Distinct values in column "granted": ['N' 'Y']
data = data.sort_values(by = ['docdb_family_id', 'earliest_publn_date'])
print(set(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']))
{1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019}
data_reduced = data[data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id'] >= 2000].copy()
del data
data = data_reduced
print(set(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']))
{2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019}
only_granted = False
data['appln_abstract'].fillna(' ', inplace=True)
data['appln_title'].fillna(' ', inplace=True)
I got confused because "alkaline" comes up in the terms with decreasing frequency.
Probably because there are also Secondary Alkaline Batteries.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/secondary-alkaline-battery (2009):
"In the future, secondary alkaline batteries will come under increasing competitive pressure from lithium-ion systems in an expanding number of applications."
year_begin = min(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id'])
year_end = max(data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id'])
years = list(range(year_begin, year_end + 1))
print(years)
[2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019]
family_ids = pd.unique(data['docdb_family_id'])
# Create two dictionaries containing an empty set for each year
titles_dict = {}
abstracts_dict = {}
for year in years:
titles_dict[year] = set()
abstracts_dict[year] = set()
for family_id in tqdm(family_ids):
data_this_family_id = data[data['docdb_family_id']==family_id]
earliest_publn_year_this_family_id = list(set(data_this_family_id['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']))[0]
# Get titles
titles_this_family_id = list(pd.unique(data_this_family_id[
data_this_family_id['appln_title_lg']=='en'
]['appln_title']))
try:
titles_this_family_id.remove(' ')
except:
pass
try:
last_title_this_family_id = titles_this_family_id[-1]
except:
pass
titles_dict[earliest_publn_year_this_family_id].add(last_title_this_family_id)
# Get abstracts
abstracts_this_family_id = list(pd.unique(data_this_family_id[
data_this_family_id['appln_abstract_lg']=='en'
]['appln_abstract']))
try:
abstracts_this_family_id.remove(' ')
except:
pass
try:
last_abstract_this_family_id = abstracts_this_family_id[-1]
except:
pass
abstracts_dict[earliest_publn_year_this_family_id].add(last_abstract_this_family_id)
titles_counts = []
for year in list(titles_dict):
titles_counts.append(len(titles_dict[year]))
print(titles_counts)
[939, 1135, 1105, 1151, 1243, 1501, 1818, 2002, 2298, 2627, 3126, 4622, 5970, 6614, 7040, 6929, 6968, 7562, 8513, 9523]
abstracts_counts = []
for year in list(abstracts_dict):
abstracts_counts.append(len(abstracts_dict[year]))
print(abstracts_counts)
[975, 1164, 1132, 1191, 1288, 1566, 1955, 2147, 2480, 2808, 3376, 5152, 6757, 7463, 7936, 7733, 7830, 8438, 9677, 11016]
# Read total yearly counts and add column 'normalised'
#total_yearly_counts_df = pd.read_csv('/Users/philippmetzger/Documents/GitHub/MA_temp/03 Analysis/01 Country counts/total_yearly_counts', delimiter=';')
#total_yearly_counts_df.rename(columns = {'count': 'patent families count'}, inplace = True)
#max_patent_count = total_yearly_counts_df['patent families count'].max()
#total_yearly_counts_df['patent families count normalised'] = total_yearly_counts_df['patent families count'] / max_patent_count
total_yearly_counts_df = pd.DataFrame()
total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'] = titles_counts
#max_titles_count = total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'].max()
#total_yearly_counts_df['titles count normalised'] = total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'] / max_titles_count
total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'] = abstracts_counts
#max_abstracts_count = total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'].max()
#total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts count normalised'] = total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'] / max_abstracts_count
total_yearly_counts_df
| titles counts | abstracts counts | |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 939 | 975 |
| 1 | 1135 | 1164 |
| 2 | 1105 | 1132 |
| 3 | 1151 | 1191 |
| 4 | 1243 | 1288 |
| 5 | 1501 | 1566 |
| 6 | 1818 | 1955 |
| 7 | 2002 | 2147 |
| 8 | 2298 | 2480 |
| 9 | 2627 | 2808 |
| 10 | 3126 | 3376 |
| 11 | 4622 | 5152 |
| 12 | 5970 | 6757 |
| 13 | 6614 | 7463 |
| 14 | 7040 | 7936 |
| 15 | 6929 | 7733 |
| 16 | 6968 | 7830 |
| 17 | 7562 | 8438 |
| 18 | 8513 | 9677 |
| 19 | 9523 | 11016 |
stopwords_ = stopwords.words('english')
stopwords_.extend([
'thereof', 'therefor', 'thereafter', 'wherein', 'utmost',
'without', 'within',
'xo', 'e', 'etc', 'ab', 'b', 'c', 'pct', 'wo', 'pt', 'pts', 'wt', 'xii', 'xiii', 'ymyo', 'xmn', 'xiv', 'le', 'sub',
'r', 'x', 'g', 'p', 'v', 'zfz', 'zsz',
'positive', 'negative', 'left', 'right',
'high', 'low',
'less', 'les', 'more', 'least',
'judging', 'preparing', 'producing', 'comprising', 'following', 'containing', 'including', 'using', 'consisting',
'making',
'one', 'two', 'never',
'end',
'almost', 'like', 'also',
'especially', 'preferably', 'surely', 'nearly', 'previously', 'mainly',
'involves', 'comprises', 'provides', 'relates', 'belongs', 'discloses', 'includes',
'solved', 'expressed', 'specified', 'provided', 'selected', 'characterized', 'included', 'equipped',
'decided', 'made', 'filed', 'used', 'formed', 'said',
'provide', 'improve', 'prevent', 'obtain', 'reduce', 'enhance', 'increase', 'suppress', 'realize', 'use',
'first', 'second',
'simple', 'convenient',
'whose',
'according',
'capable', 'preferable', 'desirable',
'desirably',
'kind',
'date', 'temp', 'sec',
'jan', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'nov', 'oct',
'jp',
'problem', 'drawing', 'figure', 'invention', 'model', 'publication', 'utility', 'preparation',
'method', 'application', 'purpose', 'number',
'new', 'novel',
'excellent',
'non',
'top', 'bottom'
])
# Contexts in which first word should be kept
contexts_after = [
['positive', 'electrode'],
['negative', 'electrode'],
['positive', 'electrodes'],
['negative', 'electrodes'],
['positive', 'active', 'material'],
['negative', 'active', 'material'],
['non', 'aqueous'],
['non', 'sintered'],
['top', 'cap'],
['bottom', 'plate']
]
# Contexts in which second word should be kept
contexts_before = [
['lithium', 'containing']
]
treat_as_same = [
[('method', 'manufacturing'), ('manufacturing', 'method')],
[('storage', 'battery', 'alkaline'), ('alkaline', 'storage', 'battery')],
[('battery', 'alkaline', 'storage'), ('alkaline', 'storage', 'battery')]
]
replace_words = {
'soln': 'solution',
'aq': 'aqueous',
'nonaqueous': 'non aqueous',
'obtd': 'obtained',
'hr': 'hour',
'pub': 'publication',
'compsn': 'composition',
'contg': 'containing',
'compd': 'compound',
'mfg': 'manufacturing',
'methodfor': 'method for',
'al': 'aluminium',
'aluminum': 'aluminium',
'co': 'cobalt',
'mn': 'manganese',
'ni': 'nickel',
'zr': 'zirconium',
'cr': 'chromium',
'ti': 'titanium',
'li': 'lithium',
'la': 'lanthanum',
'ce': 'cerium',
'fe': 'iron',
'ltoreq':'less than or equal',
'deg': 'degree'
}
# This is not used in this application after all:
punctuation = '!"#$%&\()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
# Check if replace_words dictionary works as it should
item = ['negative', 'obtd', 'soln', 'nonaqueous', 'active', 'material']
item_replaced = []
for word in item:
if word in list(replace_words):
item_replaced.extend(replace_words[word].split())
else:
item_replaced.append(word)
item = item_replaced
item
['negative', 'obtained', 'solution', 'non', 'aqueous', 'active', 'material']
def growing_keywords(n_gram_length, item_type):
# Initialise lemmatizer
lem = WordNetLemmatizer()
# create string for identifying the right language column
#item_type_lg = item_type+'_lg'
# Initialise n grams list
ngrams_lists = []
# Loop over years
for year in tqdm(years):
# Initialise n grams list for this year
ngrams_list_this_year = []
# Get all
#items_year = list(set(data[(data[item_type_lg]=='en') & (data['earliest_publn_year_this_family_id']==year)][item_type]))
# Get this year's titles / abstracts (depending which mode we're in)
if item_type == 'appln_title':
items_year = list(titles_dict[year])
if item_type == 'appln_abstract':
items_year = list(abstracts_dict[year])
for item in items_year:
# Make all lowercase
item = item.lower()
# Punctuation removal
item = re.sub('[^a-zA-Z]', ' ', item)
#for x in punctuation:
# item = item.replace(x,' ')
# Tokenise
item = item.split()
#####
# Replace certain words with others (according to replace_words dictionary defined above)
item_replaced = []
for word in item:
if word in list(replace_words):
item_replaced.extend(replace_words[word].split())
else:
item_replaced.append(word)
item = item_replaced
#####
# Remove stopwords; but only if they are not in a context that indicates that they should be kept.
# Such contexts are defined in cell above (contexts_after and contexts_before).
item_without_stopwords = []
# For debugging: List of stopwords that will be checked
check_list = []
# For debugging: List of stopwords that are actually removed (because they are not in a certain context)
remove_list = []
for i, word in enumerate(item):
remove = False
if word in stopwords_:
check_list.append(word)
# Treat cases with context after the word or phrase
in_context_after = False
for j, context in enumerate(contexts_after):
if i<(len(item)-(len(context)-1)):
try:
to_compare = []
for k in range(len(context)):
to_compare.append(item[i+k])
if to_compare == context:
in_context_after = True
if False:
print('not removed due to context')
print(to_compare)
print(context)
print()
except:
print(contexts_after)
print(item)
print(len(item))
print(i+k)
print(to_compare)
print(context)
if not in_context_after:
remove = True
# Treat cases with context before the word or phrase
in_context_before = False
for j, context in enumerate(contexts_before):
if i>(len(context)-1):
try:
to_compare = []
for k in range(len(context)):
to_compare.append(item[i+k-(len(context)-1)])
if to_compare == context:
in_context_before = True
if False:
print('not removed due to context')
print(to_compare)
print(context)
print()
except:
print(contexts_before)
print(item)
print(len(item))
print(i+k)
print(to_compare)
print(context)
if not in_context_before:
remove = True
if not remove:
item_without_stopwords.append(word)
else:
remove_list.append(word)
#####
# Delete words that are a repetition of the word before
# Always add the first word to next stage
# If this list of words is empty, do nothing
try:
item_without_stopwords_and_repetitions = [item_without_stopwords[0]]
except Exception as e:
pass
# Loop over the other words (the second and following) and add them to the next stage, if they are not
# a repetition of the word before
for i in range(1, len(item_without_stopwords)):
if (item_without_stopwords[i-1] != item_without_stopwords[i]):
item_without_stopwords_and_repetitions.append(item_without_stopwords[i])
#####
# Lemmatisation
item_without_stopwords_lemmatized = [lem.lemmatize(word) for word in item_without_stopwords_and_repetitions]
#####
# Get ngrams
ngrams_ = list(ngrams(item_without_stopwords_lemmatized, n_gram_length))
# Treat certain pairs of n_grams as the same (defined in cell above (treat_as_same))
for n_gram_treat_as_same in treat_as_same:
while n_gram_treat_as_same[0] in ngrams_:
ngrams_.remove(n_gram_treat_as_same[0])
ngrams_.append(n_gram_treat_as_same[1])
# Add to list
ngrams_list_this_year.extend(ngrams_)
# For 3-grams: delete it if first word is equal to third word, e.g. battery pack battery
if n_gram_length == 3:
ngrams_list_this_year_reduced = []
for item in ngrams_list_this_year:
if not item[0] == item[2]:
ngrams_list_this_year_reduced.append(item)
ngrams_list_this_year = ngrams_list_this_year_reduced
ngrams_lists.append(ngrams_list_this_year)
print('N-grams created')
#####
# Count n grams' appearances
counter_list = []
unique_keys = set()
for list_ in ngrams_lists:
counter = dict(Counter(list_).most_common())
counter_list.append(counter)
unique_keys = unique_keys.union(set(counter.keys()))
print('N-grams counted')
#####
# NEW 17 Jan 2022: Delete all phrases that have at least one year where the counter is zero.
# V2, same day: Delete all phrases that have more than 15 years where the counter is zero.
if False:
unique_keys_reduced = set()
for key_ in unique_keys:
has_zero = 0
for counter in counter_list:
if key_ not in counter:
has_zero += 1
if has_zero > 15:
for counter in counter_list:
try:
counter.pop(key_)
except Exception as pop_error:
pass
#print(type(pop_error))
#print(pop_error)
#print()
else:
unique_keys_reduced.add(key_)
unique_keys = unique_keys_reduced
#####
# Create a count entry of 0 for n grams that is present in at least one year but not in other(s)
for counter in counter_list:
for key_ in unique_keys:
if key_ not in counter:
counter[key_] = 0
#####
relative = False
# NEW 10 Nov 2021: Increment all counts by 1 (in order to avoid division by 0 in growth calculation)
# This is only necessary when using relative growth (see growth calcuation further down)
if relative:
for counter in counter_list:
for key_ in counter:
counter[key_] = counter[key_] + 1
def growing_keywords_sub(counter_list, unique_keys, scale):
#####
# NEW 10 Nov 2021: Scale by year's distinct title / abstract count
# NEW 18 Jan 2022: Scale by year's distinct title / abstract count to make it "per 1000 titles / abstracts"
if scale:
if item_type == 'appln_title':
#normalised_patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['titles count normalised'])
patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['titles counts'])
elif item_type == 'appln_abstract':
#normalised_patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts count normalised'])
patent_counts = list(total_yearly_counts_df['abstracts counts'])
else:
print('Item type not recognised')
return
for i, counter in enumerate(counter_list):
#normalised_patent_count_this_year = normalised_patent_counts[i]
patent_count_this_year = patent_counts[i]
for key_ in counter:
#value_scaled = counter[key_] / normalised_patent_count_this_year
value_scaled = counter[key_] / patent_count_this_year * 1000
counter[key_] = value_scaled
#####
# Calculate increase over whole time span
growth_dict = {}
growth_dict_absolute = {}
for key_ in unique_keys:
growth_dict[key_] = counter_list[len(counter_list) - 1][key_] - counter_list[0][key_]
print('Difference over whole timespan calculated')
# Calculate sum of absolute differences year-over-year; absolute => Growing and shrinking are treated as the same
for key_ in unique_keys:
growth = []
for i in range(len(counter_list)-1):
if not relative:
# Growth as abs(x1 - x0)
growth.append(abs(counter_list[i+1][key_]-counter_list[i][key_]))
else:
# Growth as abs(x1 / x0) - 1. Only works if x0 is not zero.
try:
growth.append(abs((counter_list[i+1][key_] / counter_list[i][key_]) - 1))
except:
print('error')
try:
growth_dict_absolute[key_] = sum(growth)
except Exception as e2:
print(type(e2))
print(e2)
print('Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated')
#####
#####
# Prepare positive growth plot
highest_growth = dict(sorted(growth_dict.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True))
top_30_growth = list(highest_growth)[:30]
top_50_growth = list(highest_growth)[:50]
growing_list = []
growing_list.append(top_50_growth)
#####
counts_list = []
#for key_ in top_30_growth:
for key_ in top_50_growth:
counts = []
for counter in counter_list:
counts.append(counter[key_])
counts_list.append(counts)
#####
df_keyword_growth = pd.DataFrame(index=years)
for i, ngram_ in enumerate(top_50_growth):
ngram_string = ' '.join(ngram_)
df_keyword_growth[ngram_string] = counts_list[i]
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.transpose()
# Round all values
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.round()
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')
growing_list.append(df_keyword_growth)
#####
cm = sns.light_palette((260, 75, 60), input="husl", as_cmap=True)
plot_positive_growth = df_keyword_growth.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm, axis=1)
# Display thousands with comma separation
plot_positive_growth.format("{:,d}")
growing_list.append(plot_positive_growth)
print('Positive change plot created')
#####
#####
# Prepare negative growth plot
highest_growth = dict(sorted(growth_dict.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=False))
top_30_growth = list(highest_growth)[:30]
top_50_growth = list(highest_growth)[:50]
shrinking_list = []
shrinking_list.append(top_50_growth)
#####
counts_list = []
for key_ in top_50_growth:
counts = []
for counter in counter_list:
counts.append(counter[key_])
counts_list.append(counts)
#####
df_keyword_growth = pd.DataFrame(index=years)
for i, ngram_ in enumerate(top_50_growth):
ngram_string = ' '.join(ngram_)
df_keyword_growth[ngram_string] = counts_list[i]
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.transpose()
# Round all values
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.round()
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')
shrinking_list.append(df_keyword_growth)
#####
cm = sns.light_palette((260, 75, 60), input="husl", as_cmap=True)
plot_negative_growth = df_keyword_growth.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm, axis=1)
# Display thousands with comma separation
plot_negative_growth.format("{:,d}")
shrinking_list.append(plot_negative_growth)
print('Negative change plot created')
#####
#####
# Prepare absolute growth plot
highest_growth = dict(sorted(growth_dict_absolute.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True))
top_30_growth = list(highest_growth)[:30]
top_50_growth = list(highest_growth)[:50]
absolute_growth_list = []
absolute_growth_list.append(top_50_growth)
#####
counts_list = []
#for key_ in top_30_growth:
for key_ in top_50_growth:
counts = []
for counter in counter_list:
counts.append(counter[key_])
counts_list.append(counts)
#####
df_keyword_growth = pd.DataFrame(index=years)
for i, ngram_ in enumerate(top_50_growth):
ngram_string = ' '.join(ngram_)
df_keyword_growth[ngram_string] = counts_list[i]
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.transpose()
# Round all values
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.round()
df_keyword_growth = df_keyword_growth.apply(pd.to_numeric, downcast='integer')
absolute_growth_list.append(df_keyword_growth)
#####
cm = sns.light_palette((260, 75, 60), input="husl", as_cmap=True)
plot_absolute_growth = df_keyword_growth.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm, axis=1)
# Display thousands with comma separation
plot_absolute_growth.format("{:,d}")
absolute_growth_list.append(plot_absolute_growth)
print('Absolute change plot created')
return growing_list, shrinking_list, absolute_growth_list
growing_list, shrinking_list, absolute_growth_list = growing_keywords_sub(counter_list, unique_keys, False)
growing_list_scaled, shrinking_list_scaled, absolute_growth_list_scaled = growing_keywords_sub(counter_list, unique_keys, True)
return growing_list, shrinking_list, absolute_growth_list, growing_list_scaled, shrinking_list_scaled, absolute_growth_list_scaled
# Define whether to use median or mean
#measure_function = stat.mean
#measure_function = stat.mean
growing_list_title_1, shrinking_list_title_1, highest_abs_change_list_title_1, growing_list_title_1_scaled, shrinking_list_title_1_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_title_1_scaled = growing_keywords(
1,
'appln_title'
)
N-grams created N-grams counted Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created
growing_list_title_1[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery | 571 | 663 | 587 | 657 | 705 | 805 | 1,033 | 1,107 | 1,312 | 1,444 | 1,725 | 2,731 | 3,428 | 3,791 | 4,108 | 3,961 | 4,082 | 4,197 | 4,939 | 5,966 |
| device | 144 | 156 | 166 | 225 | 254 | 302 | 397 | 469 | 564 | 625 | 765 | 1,068 | 1,543 | 1,889 | 1,954 | 1,800 | 1,812 | 2,028 | 2,159 | 2,559 |
| system | 88 | 127 | 128 | 150 | 137 | 186 | 236 | 320 | 423 | 513 | 630 | 1,041 | 1,334 | 1,530 | 1,528 | 1,530 | 1,508 | 1,737 | 1,925 | 2,103 |
| secondary | 125 | 160 | 165 | 194 | 218 | 243 | 340 | 313 | 390 | 407 | 538 | 844 | 1,104 | 1,282 | 1,375 | 1,339 | 1,379 | 1,249 | 1,477 | 1,923 |
| electrode | 126 | 151 | 135 | 146 | 186 | 192 | 231 | 259 | 313 | 328 | 429 | 644 | 929 | 969 | 1,092 | 1,083 | 1,011 | 1,138 | 1,283 | 1,617 |
| power | 115 | 146 | 169 | 163 | 203 | 258 | 314 | 372 | 467 | 451 | 606 | 973 | 1,342 | 1,523 | 1,773 | 1,609 | 1,631 | 1,851 | 1,702 | 1,602 |
| lithium | 124 | 167 | 155 | 135 | 191 | 204 | 271 | 243 | 272 | 334 | 459 | 722 | 977 | 1,054 | 1,189 | 1,237 | 1,144 | 1,026 | 1,224 | 1,601 |
| vehicle | 55 | 73 | 91 | 83 | 87 | 84 | 106 | 176 | 208 | 232 | 392 | 579 | 832 | 921 | 754 | 704 | 671 | 872 | 1,142 | 1,523 |
| charging | 76 | 108 | 103 | 100 | 114 | 144 | 132 | 173 | 225 | 293 | 379 | 497 | 725 | 894 | 823 | 822 | 921 | 1,067 | 1,208 | 1,417 |
| material | 84 | 89 | 107 | 109 | 106 | 128 | 148 | 134 | 185 | 212 | 331 | 448 | 635 | 650 | 763 | 787 | 687 | 796 | 785 | 972 |
| storage | 51 | 79 | 62 | 79 | 64 | 87 | 102 | 141 | 147 | 145 | 186 | 337 | 544 | 715 | 743 | 714 | 659 | 744 | 803 | 887 |
| manufacturing | 30 | 68 | 69 | 78 | 62 | 92 | 117 | 106 | 153 | 178 | 175 | 277 | 430 | 454 | 494 | 429 | 507 | 529 | 600 | 735 |
| electrolyte | 61 | 64 | 71 | 63 | 80 | 88 | 107 | 112 | 170 | 131 | 169 | 283 | 385 | 439 | 465 | 552 | 663 | 558 | 606 | 765 |
| electric | 42 | 67 | 51 | 62 | 57 | 72 | 121 | 123 | 144 | 178 | 255 | 425 | 578 | 678 | 486 | 494 | 441 | 494 | 600 | 726 |
| control | 39 | 54 | 54 | 63 | 59 | 75 | 93 | 148 | 164 | 198 | 200 | 346 | 444 | 590 | 546 | 534 | 569 | 735 | 625 | 715 |
| ion | 24 | 31 | 26 | 33 | 34 | 57 | 91 | 75 | 97 | 101 | 190 | 329 | 485 | 550 | 612 | 661 | 616 | 533 | 605 | 675 |
| energy | 18 | 31 | 33 | 46 | 52 | 63 | 55 | 111 | 135 | 154 | 206 | 345 | 424 | 577 | 499 | 497 | 464 | 551 | 647 | 657 |
| apparatus | 85 | 91 | 86 | 87 | 101 | 155 | 164 | 195 | 195 | 230 | 252 | 415 | 605 | 662 | 696 | 640 | 665 | 733 | 678 | 719 |
| module | 8 | 20 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 29 | 56 | 38 | 85 | 73 | 92 | 182 | 279 | 280 | 349 | 325 | 334 | 398 | 512 | 600 |
| pack | 31 | 46 | 26 | 42 | 54 | 54 | 95 | 119 | 109 | 130 | 161 | 247 | 313 | 336 | 310 | 324 | 307 | 381 | 462 | 536 |
| wireless | 7 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 12 | 15 | 31 | 40 | 102 | 121 | 240 | 340 | 480 | 462 | 527 | 596 | 510 | 511 |
| cell | 102 | 143 | 114 | 121 | 113 | 87 | 130 | 126 | 140 | 176 | 208 | 300 | 461 | 599 | 626 | 545 | 545 | 442 | 579 | 579 |
| active | 38 | 44 | 57 | 57 | 52 | 54 | 63 | 76 | 115 | 111 | 176 | 240 | 366 | 331 | 422 | 391 | 349 | 391 | 383 | 508 |
| aqueous | 39 | 49 | 59 | 52 | 73 | 70 | 97 | 101 | 186 | 135 | 173 | 250 | 381 | 390 | 360 | 443 | 492 | 434 | 434 | 499 |
| solid | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 18 | 24 | 49 | 67 | 116 | 117 | 126 | 195 | 273 | 282 | 438 |
| supply | 57 | 57 | 75 | 53 | 90 | 127 | 128 | 168 | 184 | 149 | 198 | 327 | 389 | 376 | 433 | 372 | 402 | 422 | 458 | 418 |
| electronic | 53 | 36 | 36 | 47 | 57 | 74 | 79 | 80 | 116 | 152 | 141 | 171 | 217 | 242 | 365 | 380 | 348 | 338 | 358 | 373 |
| assembly | 16 | 23 | 21 | 14 | 25 | 30 | 59 | 38 | 46 | 66 | 94 | 120 | 121 | 155 | 191 | 172 | 204 | 235 | 277 | 336 |
| management | 8 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 33 | 47 | 57 | 66 | 129 | 185 | 188 | 249 | 239 | 246 | 240 | 279 | 327 |
| state | 8 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 21 | 27 | 31 | 37 | 36 | 54 | 45 | 84 | 94 | 153 | 159 | 151 | 193 | 203 | 200 | 309 |
| electrical | 32 | 34 | 33 | 43 | 47 | 40 | 53 | 69 | 84 | 69 | 89 | 186 | 226 | 258 | 262 | 229 | 199 | 228 | 298 | 327 |
| motor | 12 | 20 | 27 | 10 | 31 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 37 | 31 | 51 | 100 | 136 | 162 | 146 | 98 | 122 | 100 | 182 | 293 |
| circuit | 58 | 78 | 80 | 66 | 79 | 101 | 121 | 135 | 129 | 181 | 143 | 232 | 214 | 253 | 274 | 268 | 240 | 240 | 338 | 314 |
| electrochemical | 42 | 42 | 34 | 32 | 52 | 52 | 63 | 66 | 93 | 62 | 69 | 119 | 155 | 216 | 224 | 195 | 160 | 188 | 209 | 294 |
| composite | 9 | 10 | 22 | 16 | 21 | 28 | 34 | 40 | 38 | 36 | 61 | 68 | 136 | 173 | 214 | 233 | 203 | 198 | 221 | 251 |
| method | 13 | 12 | 12 | 21 | 19 | 29 | 27 | 41 | 41 | 55 | 107 | 96 | 118 | 162 | 165 | 172 | 223 | 233 | 240 | 253 |
| unit | 15 | 25 | 41 | 21 | 30 | 51 | 55 | 56 | 50 | 61 | 88 | 117 | 130 | 164 | 158 | 200 | 158 | 185 | 275 | 248 |
| structure | 16 | 40 | 28 | 24 | 39 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 55 | 55 | 75 | 120 | 157 | 202 | 194 | 128 | 160 | 157 | 248 | 239 |
| metal | 24 | 26 | 23 | 19 | 38 | 39 | 32 | 27 | 38 | 57 | 48 | 87 | 104 | 116 | 142 | 138 | 126 | 143 | 216 | 244 |
| composition | 24 | 11 | 23 | 18 | 22 | 19 | 18 | 22 | 30 | 31 | 38 | 55 | 79 | 109 | 126 | 149 | 150 | 154 | 179 | 227 |
| cathode | 10 | 20 | 30 | 19 | 20 | 34 | 32 | 23 | 25 | 53 | 54 | 64 | 115 | 136 | 147 | 157 | 139 | 143 | 159 | 204 |
| separator | 20 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 26 | 19 | 43 | 52 | 36 | 44 | 75 | 135 | 167 | 158 | 154 | 184 | 171 | 211 | 212 |
| temperature | 14 | 13 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 19 | 23 | 33 | 29 | 37 | 53 | 66 | 80 | 77 | 91 | 93 | 82 | 119 | 197 |
| controlling | 21 | 24 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 21 | 40 | 34 | 39 | 62 | 78 | 124 | 151 | 174 | 171 | 161 | 164 | 190 | 182 | 199 |
| based | 13 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 26 | 33 | 16 | 21 | 31 | 26 | 49 | 69 | 105 | 80 | 131 | 134 | 151 | 166 | 191 |
| transmission | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 28 | 49 | 52 | 51 | 138 | 194 | 228 | 198 | 181 | 197 | 181 | 180 |
| voltage | 25 | 58 | 53 | 46 | 47 | 66 | 79 | 86 | 85 | 90 | 92 | 121 | 170 | 149 | 194 | 159 | 157 | 175 | 194 | 200 |
| current | 26 | 34 | 29 | 28 | 23 | 37 | 58 | 33 | 51 | 49 | 57 | 81 | 121 | 131 | 124 | 115 | 120 | 117 | 159 | 198 |
| operating | 6 | 12 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 37 | 52 | 80 | 91 | 83 | 98 | 81 | 101 | 132 | 177 |
| station | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 18 | 30 | 57 | 60 | 63 | 52 | 64 | 83 | 92 | 97 | 163 |
growing_list_title_1_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| system | 94 | 112 | 116 | 130 | 110 | 124 | 130 | 160 | 184 | 195 | 202 | 225 | 223 | 231 | 217 | 221 | 216 | 230 | 226 | 221 |
| device | 153 | 137 | 150 | 195 | 204 | 201 | 218 | 234 | 245 | 238 | 245 | 231 | 258 | 286 | 278 | 260 | 260 | 268 | 254 | 269 |
| vehicle | 59 | 64 | 82 | 72 | 70 | 56 | 58 | 88 | 91 | 88 | 125 | 125 | 139 | 139 | 107 | 102 | 96 | 115 | 134 | 160 |
| secondary | 133 | 141 | 149 | 169 | 175 | 162 | 187 | 156 | 170 | 155 | 172 | 183 | 185 | 194 | 195 | 193 | 198 | 165 | 173 | 202 |
| charging | 81 | 95 | 93 | 87 | 92 | 96 | 73 | 86 | 98 | 112 | 121 | 108 | 121 | 135 | 117 | 119 | 132 | 141 | 142 | 149 |
| module | 9 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 19 | 31 | 19 | 37 | 28 | 29 | 39 | 47 | 42 | 50 | 47 | 48 | 53 | 60 | 63 |
| energy | 19 | 27 | 30 | 40 | 42 | 42 | 30 | 55 | 59 | 59 | 66 | 75 | 71 | 87 | 71 | 72 | 67 | 73 | 76 | 69 |
| wireless | 7 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 33 | 26 | 40 | 51 | 68 | 67 | 76 | 79 | 60 | 54 |
| power | 122 | 129 | 153 | 142 | 163 | 172 | 173 | 186 | 203 | 172 | 194 | 211 | 225 | 230 | 252 | 232 | 234 | 245 | 200 | 168 |
| ion | 26 | 27 | 24 | 29 | 27 | 38 | 50 | 37 | 42 | 38 | 61 | 71 | 81 | 83 | 87 | 95 | 88 | 70 | 71 | 71 |
| manufacturing | 32 | 60 | 62 | 68 | 50 | 61 | 64 | 53 | 67 | 68 | 56 | 60 | 72 | 69 | 70 | 62 | 73 | 70 | 70 | 77 |
| storage | 54 | 70 | 56 | 69 | 51 | 58 | 56 | 70 | 64 | 55 | 60 | 73 | 91 | 108 | 106 | 103 | 95 | 98 | 94 | 93 |
| solid | 10 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 28 | 36 | 33 | 46 |
| lithium | 132 | 147 | 140 | 117 | 154 | 136 | 149 | 121 | 118 | 127 | 147 | 156 | 164 | 159 | 169 | 179 | 164 | 136 | 144 | 168 |
| electrode | 134 | 133 | 122 | 127 | 150 | 128 | 127 | 129 | 136 | 125 | 137 | 139 | 156 | 147 | 155 | 156 | 145 | 150 | 151 | 170 |
| control | 42 | 48 | 49 | 55 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 74 | 71 | 75 | 64 | 75 | 74 | 89 | 78 | 77 | 82 | 97 | 73 | 75 |
| electric | 45 | 59 | 46 | 54 | 46 | 48 | 67 | 61 | 63 | 68 | 82 | 92 | 97 | 103 | 69 | 71 | 63 | 65 | 70 | 76 |
| management | 9 | 11 | 7 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 28 | 31 | 28 | 35 | 34 | 35 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| state | 9 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 17 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 21 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 28 | 27 | 23 | 32 |
| pack | 33 | 41 | 24 | 36 | 43 | 36 | 52 | 59 | 47 | 49 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 44 | 47 | 44 | 50 | 54 | 56 |
| battery | 608 | 584 | 531 | 571 | 567 | 536 | 568 | 553 | 571 | 550 | 552 | 591 | 574 | 573 | 584 | 572 | 586 | 555 | 580 | 626 |
| assembly | 17 | 20 | 19 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 32 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 23 | 27 | 25 | 29 | 31 | 33 | 35 |
| motor | 13 | 18 | 24 | 9 | 25 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 16 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 21 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 21 | 31 |
| composite | 10 | 9 | 20 | 14 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 17 | 14 | 20 | 15 | 23 | 26 | 30 | 34 | 29 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| transmission | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 19 | 17 | 11 | 23 | 29 | 32 | 29 | 26 | 26 | 21 | 19 |
| electrolyte | 65 | 56 | 64 | 55 | 64 | 59 | 59 | 56 | 74 | 50 | 54 | 61 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 80 | 95 | 74 | 71 | 80 |
| cooling | 2 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 16 |
| flow | 1 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 14 |
| program | 1 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 14 |
| active | 40 | 39 | 52 | 50 | 42 | 36 | 35 | 38 | 50 | 42 | 56 | 52 | 61 | 50 | 60 | 56 | 50 | 52 | 45 | 53 |
| station | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 17 |
| method | 14 | 11 | 11 | 18 | 15 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 18 | 21 | 34 | 21 | 20 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 32 | 31 | 28 | 27 |
| material | 89 | 78 | 97 | 95 | 85 | 85 | 81 | 67 | 81 | 81 | 106 | 97 | 106 | 98 | 108 | 114 | 99 | 105 | 92 | 102 |
| operating | 6 | 11 | 8 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 16 | 19 |
| aqueous | 42 | 43 | 53 | 45 | 59 | 47 | 53 | 50 | 81 | 51 | 55 | 54 | 64 | 59 | 51 | 64 | 71 | 57 | 51 | 52 |
| cathode | 11 | 18 | 27 | 17 | 16 | 23 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 17 | 14 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 21 |
| unit | 16 | 22 | 37 | 18 | 24 | 34 | 30 | 28 | 22 | 23 | 28 | 25 | 22 | 25 | 22 | 29 | 23 | 24 | 32 | 26 |
| slurry | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 10 |
| heat | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 14 |
| redox | 1 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 10 |
| thermal | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 10 |
| structure | 17 | 35 | 25 | 21 | 31 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 24 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 31 | 28 | 18 | 23 | 21 | 29 | 25 |
| medium | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 11 |
| processing | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| coil | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 |
| electricity | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 9 |
| generation | 0 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 |
| silicon | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| member | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| pouch | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
shrinking_list_title_1[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| telephone | 14 | 8 | 14 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| absorbing | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| alkaline | 30 | 40 | 36 | 24 | 17 | 21 | 29 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 16 | 11 | 31 | 11 | 23 | 17 | 11 | 15 | 24 | 24 |
| sealed | 17 | 16 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 29 | 17 | 23 | 29 | 33 | 22 | 23 | 11 | 18 | 12 |
| hydrogen | 25 | 34 | 14 | 18 | 12 | 13 | 21 | 24 | 16 | 21 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 17 | 26 | 17 | 15 | 25 | 20 |
| manganate | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| digital | 8 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| cadmium | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ionically | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| polarizable | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hole | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| indicating | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| cellular | 3 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hermetically | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| cubic | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alternator | 5 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 2 |
| nimh | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| indication | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| manufacture | 19 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 12 | 20 | 16 | 14 | 20 | 23 | 14 | 22 | 17 |
| electrocatalyst | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| sintered | 7 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 12 | 10 | 5 |
| entertainment | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| upon | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| hydrophilic | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| cordless | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| cassette | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| injecting | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| radiotelephone | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| timepiece | 2 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| lipo | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| thermostat | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| fine | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| signaling | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| pasted | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electroplate | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| drain | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| rectangular | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| impermeable | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| spinel | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| extends | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| proper | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| sensorless | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alloy | 31 | 25 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 20 | 13 | 28 | 10 | 22 | 17 | 21 | 38 | 26 | 31 | 26 | 15 | 16 | 11 | 30 |
| push | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| dehydrating | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| shrouding | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| secondgry | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| slim | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| decrease | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| prezzurized | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
shrinking_list_title_1_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cell | 109 | 126 | 103 | 105 | 91 | 58 | 72 | 63 | 61 | 67 | 67 | 65 | 77 | 91 | 89 | 79 | 78 | 58 | 68 | 61 |
| process | 48 | 34 | 30 | 27 | 36 | 27 | 22 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 26 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| alloy | 33 | 22 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| alkaline | 32 | 35 | 33 | 21 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| circuit | 62 | 69 | 72 | 57 | 64 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 56 | 69 | 46 | 50 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 34 | 32 | 40 | 33 |
| portable | 36 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 32 | 49 | 33 | 31 | 31 | 27 | 23 | 23 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 6 | 9 |
| rechargeable | 45 | 41 | 47 | 30 | 29 | 35 | 39 | 46 | 37 | 29 | 27 | 28 | 32 | 24 | 29 | 27 | 31 | 20 | 18 | 19 |
| hydrogen | 27 | 30 | 13 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| charger | 43 | 35 | 35 | 54 | 45 | 37 | 34 | 38 | 36 | 37 | 28 | 27 | 21 | 26 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 17 | 18 | 21 |
| polymer | 32 | 22 | 25 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 11 |
| charge | 34 | 36 | 32 | 26 | 33 | 30 | 24 | 30 | 28 | 38 | 35 | 36 | 31 | 34 | 28 | 24 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 16 |
| manufacture | 20 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| lead | 29 | 26 | 16 | 36 | 26 | 27 | 19 | 7 | 19 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 11 |
| electronic | 56 | 32 | 33 | 41 | 46 | 49 | 43 | 40 | 50 | 58 | 45 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 52 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 42 | 39 |
| sealed | 18 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| supply | 61 | 50 | 68 | 46 | 72 | 85 | 70 | 84 | 80 | 57 | 63 | 71 | 65 | 57 | 62 | 54 | 58 | 56 | 54 | 44 |
| oxide | 27 | 28 | 18 | 16 | 20 | 12 | 19 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 11 |
| apparatus | 91 | 80 | 78 | 76 | 81 | 103 | 90 | 97 | 85 | 88 | 81 | 90 | 101 | 100 | 99 | 92 | 95 | 97 | 80 | 76 |
| telephone | 15 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| capacitor | 19 | 20 | 23 | 17 | 19 | 29 | 21 | 21 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 16 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| electrochemical | 45 | 37 | 31 | 28 | 42 | 35 | 35 | 33 | 40 | 24 | 22 | 26 | 26 | 33 | 32 | 28 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 31 |
| generator | 17 | 19 | 26 | 20 | 17 | 23 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| manganese | 16 | 19 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 |
| equipment | 22 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 12 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 |
| acid | 19 | 17 | 8 | 23 | 19 | 15 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| production | 23 | 21 | 17 | 22 | 32 | 23 | 18 | 17 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 11 |
| nickel | 17 | 31 | 22 | 20 | 12 | 8 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 5 |
| improved | 19 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| absorbing | 12 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| plate | 23 | 23 | 16 | 23 | 16 | 20 | 20 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 12 |
| case | 18 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 10 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| source | 16 | 22 | 17 | 24 | 19 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 22 | 17 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 6 |
| switching | 13 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 |
| set | 11 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| capacity | 15 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 10 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| radio | 10 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| digital | 9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| accumulator | 14 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 18 | 12 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 6 |
| alkali | 10 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| hydroxide | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| valve | 9 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| sintered | 7 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| current | 28 | 30 | 26 | 24 | 19 | 25 | 32 | 16 | 22 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 19 | 21 |
| metallic | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| signal | 9 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| polyolefin | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| switch | 9 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| double | 7 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| controller | 12 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 19 | 16 | 11 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| spinel | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
highest_abs_change_list_title_1[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery | 571 | 663 | 587 | 657 | 705 | 805 | 1,033 | 1,107 | 1,312 | 1,444 | 1,725 | 2,731 | 3,428 | 3,791 | 4,108 | 3,961 | 4,082 | 4,197 | 4,939 | 5,966 |
| device | 144 | 156 | 166 | 225 | 254 | 302 | 397 | 469 | 564 | 625 | 765 | 1,068 | 1,543 | 1,889 | 1,954 | 1,800 | 1,812 | 2,028 | 2,159 | 2,559 |
| power | 115 | 146 | 169 | 163 | 203 | 258 | 314 | 372 | 467 | 451 | 606 | 973 | 1,342 | 1,523 | 1,773 | 1,609 | 1,631 | 1,851 | 1,702 | 1,602 |
| secondary | 125 | 160 | 165 | 194 | 218 | 243 | 340 | 313 | 390 | 407 | 538 | 844 | 1,104 | 1,282 | 1,375 | 1,339 | 1,379 | 1,249 | 1,477 | 1,923 |
| system | 88 | 127 | 128 | 150 | 137 | 186 | 236 | 320 | 423 | 513 | 630 | 1,041 | 1,334 | 1,530 | 1,528 | 1,530 | 1,508 | 1,737 | 1,925 | 2,103 |
| lithium | 124 | 167 | 155 | 135 | 191 | 204 | 271 | 243 | 272 | 334 | 459 | 722 | 977 | 1,054 | 1,189 | 1,237 | 1,144 | 1,026 | 1,224 | 1,601 |
| vehicle | 55 | 73 | 91 | 83 | 87 | 84 | 106 | 176 | 208 | 232 | 392 | 579 | 832 | 921 | 754 | 704 | 671 | 872 | 1,142 | 1,523 |
| electrode | 126 | 151 | 135 | 146 | 186 | 192 | 231 | 259 | 313 | 328 | 429 | 644 | 929 | 969 | 1,092 | 1,083 | 1,011 | 1,138 | 1,283 | 1,617 |
| charging | 76 | 108 | 103 | 100 | 114 | 144 | 132 | 173 | 225 | 293 | 379 | 497 | 725 | 894 | 823 | 822 | 921 | 1,067 | 1,208 | 1,417 |
| electric | 42 | 67 | 51 | 62 | 57 | 72 | 121 | 123 | 144 | 178 | 255 | 425 | 578 | 678 | 486 | 494 | 441 | 494 | 600 | 726 |
| material | 84 | 89 | 107 | 109 | 106 | 128 | 148 | 134 | 185 | 212 | 331 | 448 | 635 | 650 | 763 | 787 | 687 | 796 | 785 | 972 |
| storage | 51 | 79 | 62 | 79 | 64 | 87 | 102 | 141 | 147 | 145 | 186 | 337 | 544 | 715 | 743 | 714 | 659 | 744 | 803 | 887 |
| control | 39 | 54 | 54 | 63 | 59 | 75 | 93 | 148 | 164 | 198 | 200 | 346 | 444 | 590 | 546 | 534 | 569 | 735 | 625 | 715 |
| electrolyte | 61 | 64 | 71 | 63 | 80 | 88 | 107 | 112 | 170 | 131 | 169 | 283 | 385 | 439 | 465 | 552 | 663 | 558 | 606 | 765 |
| cell | 102 | 143 | 114 | 121 | 113 | 87 | 130 | 126 | 140 | 176 | 208 | 300 | 461 | 599 | 626 | 545 | 545 | 442 | 579 | 579 |
| ion | 24 | 31 | 26 | 33 | 34 | 57 | 91 | 75 | 97 | 101 | 190 | 329 | 485 | 550 | 612 | 661 | 616 | 533 | 605 | 675 |
| manufacturing | 30 | 68 | 69 | 78 | 62 | 92 | 117 | 106 | 153 | 178 | 175 | 277 | 430 | 454 | 494 | 429 | 507 | 529 | 600 | 735 |
| energy | 18 | 31 | 33 | 46 | 52 | 63 | 55 | 111 | 135 | 154 | 206 | 345 | 424 | 577 | 499 | 497 | 464 | 551 | 647 | 657 |
| apparatus | 85 | 91 | 86 | 87 | 101 | 155 | 164 | 195 | 195 | 230 | 252 | 415 | 605 | 662 | 696 | 640 | 665 | 733 | 678 | 719 |
| aqueous | 39 | 49 | 59 | 52 | 73 | 70 | 97 | 101 | 186 | 135 | 173 | 250 | 381 | 390 | 360 | 443 | 492 | 434 | 434 | 499 |
| wireless | 7 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 12 | 15 | 31 | 40 | 102 | 121 | 240 | 340 | 480 | 462 | 527 | 596 | 510 | 511 |
| active | 38 | 44 | 57 | 57 | 52 | 54 | 63 | 76 | 115 | 111 | 176 | 240 | 366 | 331 | 422 | 391 | 349 | 391 | 383 | 508 |
| module | 8 | 20 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 29 | 56 | 38 | 85 | 73 | 92 | 182 | 279 | 280 | 349 | 325 | 334 | 398 | 512 | 600 |
| supply | 57 | 57 | 75 | 53 | 90 | 127 | 128 | 168 | 184 | 149 | 198 | 327 | 389 | 376 | 433 | 372 | 402 | 422 | 458 | 418 |
| pack | 31 | 46 | 26 | 42 | 54 | 54 | 95 | 119 | 109 | 130 | 161 | 247 | 313 | 336 | 310 | 324 | 307 | 381 | 462 | 536 |
| circuit | 58 | 78 | 80 | 66 | 79 | 101 | 121 | 135 | 129 | 181 | 143 | 232 | 214 | 253 | 274 | 268 | 240 | 240 | 338 | 314 |
| motor | 12 | 20 | 27 | 10 | 31 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 37 | 31 | 51 | 100 | 136 | 162 | 146 | 98 | 122 | 100 | 182 | 293 |
| electrical | 32 | 34 | 33 | 43 | 47 | 40 | 53 | 69 | 84 | 69 | 89 | 186 | 226 | 258 | 262 | 229 | 199 | 228 | 298 | 327 |
| electrochemical | 42 | 42 | 34 | 32 | 52 | 52 | 63 | 66 | 93 | 62 | 69 | 119 | 155 | 216 | 224 | 195 | 160 | 188 | 209 | 294 |
| electronic | 53 | 36 | 36 | 47 | 57 | 74 | 79 | 80 | 116 | 152 | 141 | 171 | 217 | 242 | 365 | 380 | 348 | 338 | 358 | 373 |
| rechargeable | 42 | 46 | 52 | 35 | 36 | 52 | 70 | 92 | 85 | 75 | 84 | 128 | 193 | 157 | 206 | 185 | 219 | 153 | 156 | 177 |
| solid | 9 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 18 | 24 | 49 | 67 | 116 | 117 | 126 | 195 | 273 | 282 | 438 |
| structure | 16 | 40 | 28 | 24 | 39 | 32 | 35 | 38 | 55 | 55 | 75 | 120 | 157 | 202 | 194 | 128 | 160 | 157 | 248 | 239 |
| unit | 15 | 25 | 41 | 21 | 30 | 51 | 55 | 56 | 50 | 61 | 88 | 117 | 130 | 164 | 158 | 200 | 158 | 185 | 275 | 248 |
| assembly | 16 | 23 | 21 | 14 | 25 | 30 | 59 | 38 | 46 | 66 | 94 | 120 | 121 | 155 | 191 | 172 | 204 | 235 | 277 | 336 |
| charge | 32 | 41 | 35 | 30 | 41 | 45 | 43 | 60 | 65 | 101 | 110 | 167 | 184 | 224 | 195 | 167 | 135 | 185 | 139 | 148 |
| anode | 15 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 37 | 22 | 39 | 50 | 65 | 48 | 65 | 96 | 161 | 92 | 119 | 105 | 125 | 145 |
| management | 8 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 33 | 47 | 57 | 66 | 129 | 185 | 188 | 249 | 239 | 246 | 240 | 279 | 327 |
| terminal | 21 | 23 | 28 | 32 | 27 | 42 | 60 | 31 | 43 | 37 | 58 | 88 | 94 | 150 | 116 | 136 | 147 | 173 | 140 | 165 |
| state | 8 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 21 | 27 | 31 | 37 | 36 | 54 | 45 | 84 | 94 | 153 | 159 | 151 | 193 | 203 | 200 | 309 |
| composite | 9 | 10 | 22 | 16 | 21 | 28 | 34 | 40 | 38 | 36 | 61 | 68 | 136 | 173 | 214 | 233 | 203 | 198 | 221 | 251 |
| program | 1 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 19 | 28 | 15 | 13 | 43 | 56 | 93 | 115 | 81 | 82 | 104 | 65 | 133 |
| transmission | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 28 | 49 | 52 | 51 | 138 | 194 | 228 | 198 | 181 | 197 | 181 | 180 |
| voltage | 25 | 58 | 53 | 46 | 47 | 66 | 79 | 86 | 85 | 90 | 92 | 121 | 170 | 149 | 194 | 159 | 157 | 175 | 194 | 200 |
| metal | 24 | 26 | 23 | 19 | 38 | 39 | 32 | 27 | 38 | 57 | 48 | 87 | 104 | 116 | 142 | 138 | 126 | 143 | 216 | 244 |
| charger | 40 | 40 | 39 | 62 | 56 | 55 | 62 | 77 | 82 | 96 | 88 | 123 | 128 | 170 | 140 | 160 | 158 | 131 | 149 | 197 |
| separator | 20 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 26 | 19 | 43 | 52 | 36 | 44 | 75 | 135 | 167 | 158 | 154 | 184 | 171 | 211 | 212 |
| based | 13 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 26 | 33 | 16 | 21 | 31 | 26 | 49 | 69 | 105 | 80 | 131 | 134 | 151 | 166 | 191 |
| current | 26 | 34 | 29 | 28 | 23 | 37 | 58 | 33 | 51 | 49 | 57 | 81 | 121 | 131 | 124 | 115 | 120 | 117 | 159 | 198 |
| carbon | 13 | 17 | 19 | 27 | 21 | 40 | 23 | 44 | 40 | 49 | 67 | 61 | 92 | 91 | 127 | 135 | 109 | 129 | 103 | 123 |
highest_abs_change_list_title_1_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery | 608 | 584 | 531 | 571 | 567 | 536 | 568 | 553 | 571 | 550 | 552 | 591 | 574 | 573 | 584 | 572 | 586 | 555 | 580 | 626 |
| power | 122 | 129 | 153 | 142 | 163 | 172 | 173 | 186 | 203 | 172 | 194 | 211 | 225 | 230 | 252 | 232 | 234 | 245 | 200 | 168 |
| lithium | 132 | 147 | 140 | 117 | 154 | 136 | 149 | 121 | 118 | 127 | 147 | 156 | 164 | 159 | 169 | 179 | 164 | 136 | 144 | 168 |
| device | 153 | 137 | 150 | 195 | 204 | 201 | 218 | 234 | 245 | 238 | 245 | 231 | 258 | 286 | 278 | 260 | 260 | 268 | 254 | 269 |
| secondary | 133 | 141 | 149 | 169 | 175 | 162 | 187 | 156 | 170 | 155 | 172 | 183 | 185 | 194 | 195 | 193 | 198 | 165 | 173 | 202 |
| vehicle | 59 | 64 | 82 | 72 | 70 | 56 | 58 | 88 | 91 | 88 | 125 | 125 | 139 | 139 | 107 | 102 | 96 | 115 | 134 | 160 |
| system | 94 | 112 | 116 | 130 | 110 | 124 | 130 | 160 | 184 | 195 | 202 | 225 | 223 | 231 | 217 | 221 | 216 | 230 | 226 | 221 |
| supply | 61 | 50 | 68 | 46 | 72 | 85 | 70 | 84 | 80 | 57 | 63 | 71 | 65 | 57 | 62 | 54 | 58 | 56 | 54 | 44 |
| cell | 109 | 126 | 103 | 105 | 91 | 58 | 72 | 63 | 61 | 67 | 67 | 65 | 77 | 91 | 89 | 79 | 78 | 58 | 68 | 61 |
| charging | 81 | 95 | 93 | 87 | 92 | 96 | 73 | 86 | 98 | 112 | 121 | 108 | 121 | 135 | 117 | 119 | 132 | 141 | 142 | 149 |
| material | 89 | 78 | 97 | 95 | 85 | 85 | 81 | 67 | 81 | 81 | 106 | 97 | 106 | 98 | 108 | 114 | 99 | 105 | 92 | 102 |
| aqueous | 42 | 43 | 53 | 45 | 59 | 47 | 53 | 50 | 81 | 51 | 55 | 54 | 64 | 59 | 51 | 64 | 71 | 57 | 51 | 52 |
| storage | 54 | 70 | 56 | 69 | 51 | 58 | 56 | 70 | 64 | 55 | 60 | 73 | 91 | 108 | 106 | 103 | 95 | 98 | 94 | 93 |
| electrode | 134 | 133 | 122 | 127 | 150 | 128 | 127 | 129 | 136 | 125 | 137 | 139 | 156 | 147 | 155 | 156 | 145 | 150 | 151 | 170 |
| electric | 45 | 59 | 46 | 54 | 46 | 48 | 67 | 61 | 63 | 68 | 82 | 92 | 97 | 103 | 69 | 71 | 63 | 65 | 70 | 76 |
| electrolyte | 65 | 56 | 64 | 55 | 64 | 59 | 59 | 56 | 74 | 50 | 54 | 61 | 64 | 66 | 66 | 80 | 95 | 74 | 71 | 80 |
| manufacturing | 32 | 60 | 62 | 68 | 50 | 61 | 64 | 53 | 67 | 68 | 56 | 60 | 72 | 69 | 70 | 62 | 73 | 70 | 70 | 77 |
| control | 42 | 48 | 49 | 55 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 74 | 71 | 75 | 64 | 75 | 74 | 89 | 78 | 77 | 82 | 97 | 73 | 75 |
| apparatus | 91 | 80 | 78 | 76 | 81 | 103 | 90 | 97 | 85 | 88 | 81 | 90 | 101 | 100 | 99 | 92 | 95 | 97 | 80 | 76 |
| ion | 26 | 27 | 24 | 29 | 27 | 38 | 50 | 37 | 42 | 38 | 61 | 71 | 81 | 83 | 87 | 95 | 88 | 70 | 71 | 71 |
| energy | 19 | 27 | 30 | 40 | 42 | 42 | 30 | 55 | 59 | 59 | 66 | 75 | 71 | 87 | 71 | 72 | 67 | 73 | 76 | 69 |
| wireless | 7 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 33 | 26 | 40 | 51 | 68 | 67 | 76 | 79 | 60 | 54 |
| active | 40 | 39 | 52 | 50 | 42 | 36 | 35 | 38 | 50 | 42 | 56 | 52 | 61 | 50 | 60 | 56 | 50 | 52 | 45 | 53 |
| circuit | 62 | 69 | 72 | 57 | 64 | 67 | 67 | 67 | 56 | 69 | 46 | 50 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 34 | 32 | 40 | 33 |
| electronic | 56 | 32 | 33 | 41 | 46 | 49 | 43 | 40 | 50 | 58 | 45 | 37 | 36 | 37 | 52 | 55 | 50 | 45 | 42 | 39 |
| module | 9 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 19 | 31 | 19 | 37 | 28 | 29 | 39 | 47 | 42 | 50 | 47 | 48 | 53 | 60 | 63 |
| pack | 33 | 41 | 24 | 36 | 43 | 36 | 52 | 59 | 47 | 49 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 51 | 44 | 47 | 44 | 50 | 54 | 56 |
| unit | 16 | 22 | 37 | 18 | 24 | 34 | 30 | 28 | 22 | 23 | 28 | 25 | 22 | 25 | 22 | 29 | 23 | 24 | 32 | 26 |
| motor | 13 | 18 | 24 | 9 | 25 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 12 | 16 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 21 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 21 | 31 |
| rechargeable | 45 | 41 | 47 | 30 | 29 | 35 | 39 | 46 | 37 | 29 | 27 | 28 | 32 | 24 | 29 | 27 | 31 | 20 | 18 | 19 |
| structure | 17 | 35 | 25 | 21 | 31 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 24 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 31 | 28 | 18 | 23 | 21 | 29 | 25 |
| lead | 29 | 26 | 16 | 36 | 26 | 27 | 19 | 7 | 19 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 11 |
| electrochemical | 45 | 37 | 31 | 28 | 42 | 35 | 35 | 33 | 40 | 24 | 22 | 26 | 26 | 33 | 32 | 28 | 23 | 25 | 25 | 31 |
| charger | 43 | 35 | 35 | 54 | 45 | 37 | 34 | 38 | 36 | 37 | 28 | 27 | 21 | 26 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 17 | 18 | 21 |
| portable | 36 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 32 | 49 | 33 | 31 | 31 | 27 | 23 | 23 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 6 | 9 |
| charge | 34 | 36 | 32 | 26 | 33 | 30 | 24 | 30 | 28 | 38 | 35 | 36 | 31 | 34 | 28 | 24 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 16 |
| terminal | 22 | 20 | 25 | 28 | 22 | 28 | 33 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 23 | 16 | 20 | 21 | 23 | 16 | 17 |
| carbon | 14 | 15 | 17 | 23 | 17 | 27 | 13 | 22 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 12 | 13 |
| anode | 16 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 20 | 11 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 23 | 13 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| assembly | 17 | 20 | 19 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 32 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 23 | 27 | 25 | 29 | 31 | 33 | 35 |
| voltage | 27 | 51 | 48 | 40 | 38 | 44 | 43 | 43 | 37 | 34 | 29 | 26 | 28 | 23 | 28 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 21 |
| method | 14 | 11 | 11 | 18 | 15 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 18 | 21 | 34 | 21 | 20 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 32 | 31 | 28 | 27 |
| electrical | 34 | 30 | 30 | 37 | 38 | 27 | 29 | 34 | 37 | 26 | 28 | 40 | 38 | 39 | 37 | 33 | 29 | 30 | 35 | 34 |
| element | 13 | 9 | 15 | 8 | 17 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 23 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 13 |
| cathode | 11 | 18 | 27 | 17 | 16 | 23 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 17 | 14 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 21 |
| film | 11 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 19 | 32 | 19 | 14 | 14 | 21 | 18 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 |
| protection | 15 | 12 | 17 | 17 | 9 | 18 | 24 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 11 |
| nickel | 17 | 31 | 22 | 20 | 12 | 8 | 19 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 5 |
| transmission | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 19 | 17 | 11 | 23 | 29 | 32 | 29 | 26 | 26 | 21 | 19 |
| metal | 26 | 23 | 21 | 17 | 31 | 26 | 18 | 13 | 17 | 22 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 25 | 26 |
growing_list_title_2, shrinking_list_title_2, highest_abs_change_list_title_2, growing_list_title_2_scaled, shrinking_list_title_2_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_title_2_scaled = growing_keywords(
2,
'appln_title'
)
N-grams created N-grams counted Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created
growing_list_title_2[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| secondary battery | 96 | 116 | 118 | 141 | 183 | 223 | 312 | 296 | 363 | 387 | 502 | 797 | 1,036 | 1,173 | 1,256 | 1,207 | 1,255 | 1,170 | 1,393 | 1,835 |
| lithium ion | 22 | 31 | 25 | 33 | 29 | 55 | 87 | 70 | 90 | 98 | 183 | 319 | 468 | 506 | 566 | 595 | 546 | 475 | 528 | 583 |
| battery pack | 27 | 43 | 23 | 37 | 54 | 49 | 89 | 110 | 106 | 124 | 154 | 235 | 302 | 326 | 297 | 308 | 288 | 373 | 443 | 524 |
| lithium secondary | 42 | 63 | 58 | 48 | 77 | 85 | 101 | 68 | 77 | 101 | 147 | 184 | 236 | 277 | 250 | 218 | 241 | 190 | 290 | 487 |
| active material | 33 | 38 | 49 | 47 | 41 | 44 | 59 | 63 | 98 | 102 | 156 | 213 | 329 | 308 | 380 | 362 | 317 | 366 | 347 | 462 |
| battery module | 5 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 39 | 17 | 36 | 33 | 52 | 92 | 128 | 143 | 188 | 182 | 183 | 202 | 280 | 374 |
| electric vehicle | 11 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 111 | 153 | 245 | 290 | 173 | 198 | 138 | 221 | 251 | 343 |
| energy storage | 0 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 21 | 37 | 48 | 50 | 63 | 115 | 159 | 258 | 196 | 225 | 199 | 261 | 299 | 332 |
| power supply | 46 | 46 | 69 | 47 | 77 | 114 | 108 | 144 | 170 | 126 | 176 | 262 | 343 | 321 | 384 | 335 | 357 | 385 | 401 | 372 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 27 | 39 | 42 | 39 | 55 | 58 | 76 | 77 | 142 | 107 | 125 | 205 | 276 | 284 | 278 | 337 | 382 | 312 | 271 | 350 |
| storage device | 7 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 29 | 53 | 47 | 68 | 119 | 202 | 288 | 301 | 271 | 246 | 277 | 265 | 329 |
| ion battery | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 18 | 31 | 27 | 39 | 43 | 76 | 147 | 187 | 195 | 237 | 253 | 270 | 264 | 334 | 317 |
| battery electrode | 12 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 26 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 41 | 41 | 74 | 114 | 193 | 168 | 205 | 214 | 190 | 240 | 240 | 296 |
| electrode active | 8 | 17 | 12 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 38 | 40 | 54 | 78 | 132 | 182 | 155 | 164 | 201 | 194 | 234 | 210 | 291 |
| motor vehicle | 8 | 9 | 19 | 6 | 22 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 37 | 70 | 114 | 135 | 113 | 66 | 101 | 75 | 153 | 255 |
| ion secondary | 4 | 13 | 6 | 16 | 19 | 28 | 43 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 88 | 150 | 199 | 289 | 320 | 322 | 242 | 213 | 202 | 239 |
| battery cell | 5 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 27 | 32 | 82 | 99 | 173 | 175 | 143 | 165 | 144 | 211 | 229 |
| battery manufacturing | 9 | 21 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 34 | 45 | 42 | 52 | 66 | 56 | 98 | 145 | 125 | 127 | 138 | 139 | 118 | 173 | 230 |
| electrolyte secondary | 23 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 43 | 42 | 51 | 54 | 101 | 83 | 101 | 140 | 171 | 203 | 223 | 271 | 280 | 214 | 188 | 237 |
| electronic device | 16 | 17 | 14 | 25 | 25 | 28 | 40 | 40 | 55 | 77 | 92 | 113 | 112 | 150 | 151 | 199 | 203 | 182 | 230 | 230 |
| solid state | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 19 | 35 | 50 | 56 | 43 | 89 | 129 | 121 | 205 |
| material lithium | 13 | 16 | 21 | 22 | 26 | 34 | 35 | 28 | 30 | 55 | 98 | 116 | 153 | 172 | 193 | 183 | 155 | 126 | 137 | 209 |
| battery lithium | 5 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 18 | 18 | 30 | 14 | 20 | 32 | 49 | 69 | 94 | 117 | 145 | 134 | 137 | 112 | 141 | 198 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 13 | 44 | 53 | 143 | 180 | 276 | 237 | 267 | 288 | 220 | 190 |
| wireless charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 20 | 48 | 82 | 103 | 132 | 150 | 218 | 194 | 190 |
| power storage | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 29 | 19 | 20 | 64 | 125 | 135 | 177 | 176 | 178 | 225 | 209 | 188 |
| charging system | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 14 | 26 | 44 | 67 | 90 | 89 | 134 | 108 | 91 | 132 | 160 | 174 | 183 |
| electrode lithium | 9 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 25 | 19 | 23 | 21 | 26 | 32 | 45 | 75 | 111 | 133 | 144 | 148 | 118 | 117 | 133 | 185 |
| charging device | 9 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 12 | 25 | 31 | 24 | 37 | 48 | 100 | 104 | 114 | 120 | 119 | 123 | 147 | 175 |
| control device | 3 | 6 | 11 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 20 | 29 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 72 | 98 | 128 | 115 | 119 | 135 | 153 | 123 | 163 |
| battery system | 4 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 26 | 60 | 96 | 129 | 126 | 155 | 139 | 139 | 122 | 150 | 162 |
| lithium battery | 20 | 28 | 23 | 17 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 35 | 41 | 59 | 61 | 104 | 127 | 90 | 191 | 188 | 175 | 135 | 124 | 177 |
| electrode material | 16 | 16 | 17 | 28 | 23 | 28 | 34 | 27 | 29 | 34 | 57 | 80 | 120 | 117 | 133 | 169 | 123 | 115 | 118 | 169 |
| electrochemical device | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 17 | 15 | 24 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 29 | 27 | 52 | 70 | 39 | 40 | 76 | 69 | 146 |
| solid electrolyte | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 19 | 11 | 35 | 28 | 37 | 62 | 87 | 97 | 140 |
| management system | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 28 | 54 | 75 | 77 | 104 | 103 | 78 | 98 | 109 | 138 |
| storage system | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 55 | 80 | 104 | 104 | 122 | 87 | 120 | 167 | 127 |
| vehicle battery | 7 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 16 | 18 | 33 | 39 | 63 | 77 | 75 | 64 | 54 | 69 | 86 | 133 |
| power transmission | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 37 | 41 | 40 | 111 | 156 | 182 | 155 | 134 | 145 | 128 | 120 |
| state battery | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 14 | 24 | 40 | 31 | 23 | 24 | 46 | 60 | 115 |
| flow battery | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 35 | 28 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 86 | 104 | 114 |
| charging station | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 20 | 27 | 39 | 47 | 36 | 41 | 54 | 51 | 55 | 112 |
| device battery | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 7 | 14 | 24 | 34 | 24 | 26 | 50 | 52 | 72 | 84 | 57 | 55 | 70 | 101 | 111 |
| device power | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 19 | 9 | 11 | 21 | 31 | 41 | 86 | 111 | 114 | 106 | 90 | 130 | 96 | 111 |
| manufacturing electrode | 1 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 13 | 25 | 35 | 23 | 33 | 46 | 57 | 72 | 54 | 74 | 76 | 83 | 102 |
| supply device | 6 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 24 | 31 | 38 | 19 | 40 | 62 | 91 | 89 | 94 | 82 | 81 | 92 | 112 | 102 |
| vehicle charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 22 | 34 | 61 | 76 | 38 | 42 | 44 | 56 | 79 | 94 |
| redox flow | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 24 | 24 | 39 | 49 | 49 | 57 | 80 | 94 |
| control system | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 35 | 26 | 52 | 56 | 81 | 79 | 75 | 77 | 106 | 88 | 97 |
| module battery | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 17 | 37 | 37 | 33 | 30 | 24 | 49 | 68 | 91 |
growing_list_title_2_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| secondary battery | 102 | 102 | 107 | 123 | 147 | 149 | 172 | 148 | 158 | 147 | 161 | 172 | 174 | 177 | 178 | 174 | 180 | 155 | 164 | 193 |
| lithium ion | 23 | 27 | 23 | 29 | 23 | 37 | 48 | 35 | 39 | 37 | 59 | 69 | 78 | 77 | 80 | 86 | 78 | 63 | 62 | 61 |
| energy storage | 0 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 27 | 39 | 28 | 32 | 29 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| battery module | 5 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 21 | 8 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 33 | 39 |
| storage device | 7 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 23 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 34 | 44 | 43 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 31 | 35 |
| battery pack | 29 | 38 | 21 | 32 | 43 | 33 | 49 | 55 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 49 | 42 | 44 | 41 | 49 | 52 | 55 |
| electric vehicle | 12 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 36 | 33 | 41 | 44 | 25 | 29 | 20 | 29 | 29 | 36 |
| ion battery | 10 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 31 | 29 | 34 | 37 | 39 | 35 | 39 | 33 |
| electrode active | 9 | 15 | 11 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 21 | 25 | 29 | 30 | 23 | 23 | 29 | 28 | 31 | 25 | 31 |
| solid state | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 13 | 17 | 14 | 22 |
| ion secondary | 4 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 33 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 35 | 28 | 24 | 25 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 14 | 11 | 24 | 27 | 39 | 34 | 38 | 38 | 26 | 20 |
| wireless charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 22 | 29 | 23 | 20 |
| battery cell | 5 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 26 | 25 | 21 | 24 | 19 | 25 | 24 |
| power storage | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 14 | 21 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 25 | 20 |
| battery electrode | 13 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 21 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 24 | 25 | 32 | 25 | 29 | 31 | 27 | 32 | 28 | 31 |
| motor vehicle | 9 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 18 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 20 | 16 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 18 | 27 |
| battery lithium | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 17 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 15 | 17 | 21 |
| battery manufacturing | 10 | 19 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 20 | 24 |
| control device | 3 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 17 |
| active material | 35 | 33 | 44 | 41 | 33 | 29 | 32 | 31 | 43 | 39 | 50 | 46 | 55 | 47 | 54 | 52 | 45 | 48 | 41 | 49 |
| electrochemical device | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 15 |
| battery system | 4 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 19 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 18 | 17 |
| storage system | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 13 |
| state battery | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 12 |
| charging system | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 13 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 19 |
| power transmission | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 19 | 24 | 26 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 15 | 13 |
| solid electrolyte | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 15 |
| flow battery | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 |
| vehicle charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 |
| electrode lithium | 10 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 20 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 17 | 15 | 16 | 19 |
| manufacturing electrode | 1 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 11 |
| module battery | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 10 |
| system vehicle | 0 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 |
| management system | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 14 |
| redox flow | 1 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| charging device | 10 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
| lithium metal | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 9 |
| charging station | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 12 |
| storage medium | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| material lithium | 14 | 14 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 21 | 31 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 22 | 17 | 16 | 22 |
| electrical energy | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 29 | 34 | 38 | 34 | 44 | 39 | 42 | 38 | 62 | 41 | 40 | 44 | 46 | 43 | 39 | 49 | 55 | 41 | 32 | 37 |
| battery management | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
| system method | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 8 |
| electronic device | 17 | 15 | 13 | 22 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 20 | 24 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 19 | 23 | 21 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 27 | 24 |
| battery secondary | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
| electricity storage | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
| device vehicle | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 8 |
| state secondary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 7 |
shrinking_list_title_2[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absorbing alloy | 10 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alloy electrode | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| hydrogen absorbing | 10 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| portable telephone | 7 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| process production | 10 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 25 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| layer capacitor | 7 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| lithium manganate | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| nickel hydroxide | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| electronic machine | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polarizable electrode | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery manufacture | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| hydrogen storage | 9 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 5 |
| alkaline storage | 11 | 24 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 17 | 2 | 14 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 |
| digital signal | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| storage alloy | 8 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| double layer | 7 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 15 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| charge storage | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 |
| alloy powder | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| anode rechargeable | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| radio telephone | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cell container | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| ion polymer | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| cadmium electrode | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ac generator | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| ionically conductive | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| communication equipment | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| electrode structural | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| valve regulated | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| information storage | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| separator process | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hermetically sealed | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| connection terminal | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| cubic spinel | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| valve element | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| phone battery | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| structural body | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| fabrication process | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| telephone battery | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| radio communication | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| packaging cell | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electric double | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| electrode process | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| circuit group | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| sealed rectangular | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrolytic secondary | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| current supply | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| employing multiple | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alkali storage | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| electrode alkali | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| multiple power | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
shrinking_list_title_2_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery charger | 27 | 19 | 17 | 23 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| electrochemical cell | 28 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| storage battery | 28 | 38 | 27 | 36 | 30 | 25 | 27 | 23 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
| secondary cell | 21 | 32 | 31 | 41 | 26 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 6 |
| rechargeable lithium | 20 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| lead acid | 19 | 14 | 7 | 22 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
| alloy electrode | 13 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| charging battery | 16 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| alkaline storage | 12 | 21 | 16 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| absorbing alloy | 11 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hydrogen absorbing | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| process production | 11 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| power supply | 49 | 41 | 62 | 41 | 62 | 76 | 59 | 72 | 74 | 48 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 49 | 55 | 48 | 51 | 51 | 47 | 39 |
| acid battery | 14 | 12 | 6 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| portable electronic | 11 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| electronic equipment | 11 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| hydrogen storage | 10 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| power source | 12 | 15 | 10 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 |
| battery case | 12 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 13 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| storage alloy | 9 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium manganese | 10 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| electrode alkaline | 9 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| portable telephone | 7 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| rechargeable battery | 18 | 15 | 22 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 26 | 29 | 22 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 19 | 10 | 11 | 11 |
| layer capacitor | 7 | 10 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| double layer | 7 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electronic apparatus | 12 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 5 |
| manganese oxide | 7 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline secondary | 7 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| material rechargeable | 9 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| protection circuit | 10 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| nickel hydroxide | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium manganate | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electronic machine | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery manufacture | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alloy powder | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery charging | 14 | 24 | 13 | 14 | 19 | 13 | 11 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| electric double | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery capacity | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| type battery | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| power consumption | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| battery power | 7 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| polymer battery | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| system battery | 13 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| polarizable electrode | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| digital signal | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| charge storage | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| ac generator | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hermetically sealed | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| phone battery | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
highest_abs_change_list_title_2[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| secondary battery | 96 | 116 | 118 | 141 | 183 | 223 | 312 | 296 | 363 | 387 | 502 | 797 | 1,036 | 1,173 | 1,256 | 1,207 | 1,255 | 1,170 | 1,393 | 1,835 |
| lithium ion | 22 | 31 | 25 | 33 | 29 | 55 | 87 | 70 | 90 | 98 | 183 | 319 | 468 | 506 | 566 | 595 | 546 | 475 | 528 | 583 |
| lithium secondary | 42 | 63 | 58 | 48 | 77 | 85 | 101 | 68 | 77 | 101 | 147 | 184 | 236 | 277 | 250 | 218 | 241 | 190 | 290 | 487 |
| electric vehicle | 11 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 111 | 153 | 245 | 290 | 173 | 198 | 138 | 221 | 251 | 343 |
| power supply | 46 | 46 | 69 | 47 | 77 | 114 | 108 | 144 | 170 | 126 | 176 | 262 | 343 | 321 | 384 | 335 | 357 | 385 | 401 | 372 |
| battery pack | 27 | 43 | 23 | 37 | 54 | 49 | 89 | 110 | 106 | 124 | 154 | 235 | 302 | 326 | 297 | 308 | 288 | 373 | 443 | 524 |
| active material | 33 | 38 | 49 | 47 | 41 | 44 | 59 | 63 | 98 | 102 | 156 | 213 | 329 | 308 | 380 | 362 | 317 | 366 | 347 | 462 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 27 | 39 | 42 | 39 | 55 | 58 | 76 | 77 | 142 | 107 | 125 | 205 | 276 | 284 | 278 | 337 | 382 | 312 | 271 | 350 |
| ion secondary | 4 | 13 | 6 | 16 | 19 | 28 | 43 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 88 | 150 | 199 | 289 | 320 | 322 | 242 | 213 | 202 | 239 |
| energy storage | 0 | 7 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 19 | 21 | 37 | 48 | 50 | 63 | 115 | 159 | 258 | 196 | 225 | 199 | 261 | 299 | 332 |
| motor vehicle | 8 | 9 | 19 | 6 | 22 | 12 | 17 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 37 | 70 | 114 | 135 | 113 | 66 | 101 | 75 | 153 | 255 |
| storage device | 7 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 18 | 29 | 53 | 47 | 68 | 119 | 202 | 288 | 301 | 271 | 246 | 277 | 265 | 329 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 13 | 44 | 53 | 143 | 180 | 276 | 237 | 267 | 288 | 220 | 190 |
| battery module | 5 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 39 | 17 | 36 | 33 | 52 | 92 | 128 | 143 | 188 | 182 | 183 | 202 | 280 | 374 |
| electrolyte secondary | 23 | 25 | 28 | 29 | 43 | 42 | 51 | 54 | 101 | 83 | 101 | 140 | 171 | 203 | 223 | 271 | 280 | 214 | 188 | 237 |
| electrode active | 8 | 17 | 12 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 38 | 40 | 54 | 78 | 132 | 182 | 155 | 164 | 201 | 194 | 234 | 210 | 291 |
| battery electrode | 12 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 26 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 41 | 41 | 74 | 114 | 193 | 168 | 205 | 214 | 190 | 240 | 240 | 296 |
| lithium battery | 20 | 28 | 23 | 17 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 35 | 41 | 59 | 61 | 104 | 127 | 90 | 191 | 188 | 175 | 135 | 124 | 177 |
| ion battery | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 18 | 31 | 27 | 39 | 43 | 76 | 147 | 187 | 195 | 237 | 253 | 270 | 264 | 334 | 317 |
| material lithium | 13 | 16 | 21 | 22 | 26 | 34 | 35 | 28 | 30 | 55 | 98 | 116 | 153 | 172 | 193 | 183 | 155 | 126 | 137 | 209 |
| battery cell | 5 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 27 | 32 | 82 | 99 | 173 | 175 | 143 | 165 | 144 | 211 | 229 |
| battery manufacturing | 9 | 21 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 34 | 45 | 42 | 52 | 66 | 56 | 98 | 145 | 125 | 127 | 138 | 139 | 118 | 173 | 230 |
| battery lithium | 5 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 18 | 18 | 30 | 14 | 20 | 32 | 49 | 69 | 94 | 117 | 145 | 134 | 137 | 112 | 141 | 198 |
| electrode material | 16 | 16 | 17 | 28 | 23 | 28 | 34 | 27 | 29 | 34 | 57 | 80 | 120 | 117 | 133 | 169 | 123 | 115 | 118 | 169 |
| rechargeable battery | 17 | 17 | 24 | 17 | 19 | 25 | 47 | 59 | 50 | 43 | 47 | 67 | 110 | 85 | 96 | 98 | 133 | 79 | 94 | 102 |
| power storage | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 29 | 19 | 20 | 64 | 125 | 135 | 177 | 176 | 178 | 225 | 209 | 188 |
| storage system | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 55 | 80 | 104 | 104 | 122 | 87 | 120 | 167 | 127 |
| charging system | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 14 | 26 | 44 | 67 | 90 | 89 | 134 | 108 | 91 | 132 | 160 | 174 | 183 |
| electric power | 5 | 13 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 22 | 23 | 32 | 25 | 92 | 90 | 114 | 76 | 95 | 68 | 73 | 93 | 67 |
| power transmission | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 37 | 41 | 40 | 111 | 156 | 182 | 155 | 134 | 145 | 128 | 120 |
| battery system | 4 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 26 | 60 | 96 | 129 | 126 | 155 | 139 | 139 | 122 | 150 | 162 |
| control device | 3 | 6 | 11 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 20 | 29 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 72 | 98 | 128 | 115 | 119 | 135 | 153 | 123 | 163 |
| electronic device | 16 | 17 | 14 | 25 | 25 | 28 | 40 | 40 | 55 | 77 | 92 | 113 | 112 | 150 | 151 | 199 | 203 | 182 | 230 | 230 |
| solid state | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 19 | 35 | 50 | 56 | 43 | 89 | 129 | 121 | 205 |
| electrode lithium | 9 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 25 | 19 | 23 | 21 | 26 | 32 | 45 | 75 | 111 | 133 | 144 | 148 | 118 | 117 | 133 | 185 |
| electrochemical device | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 17 | 15 | 24 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 29 | 27 | 52 | 70 | 39 | 40 | 76 | 69 | 146 |
| device power | 5 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 19 | 9 | 11 | 21 | 31 | 41 | 86 | 111 | 114 | 106 | 90 | 130 | 96 | 111 |
| wireless charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 20 | 48 | 82 | 103 | 132 | 150 | 218 | 194 | 190 |
| storage battery | 26 | 43 | 30 | 41 | 37 | 37 | 49 | 47 | 23 | 33 | 42 | 57 | 74 | 110 | 132 | 117 | 119 | 94 | 90 | 92 |
| aqueous secondary | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 29 | 16 | 22 | 21 | 47 | 58 | 46 | 54 | 66 | 84 | 128 | 87 |
| secondary cell | 20 | 36 | 34 | 47 | 32 | 16 | 21 | 11 | 19 | 14 | 26 | 33 | 61 | 93 | 107 | 105 | 98 | 65 | 65 | 53 |
| rechargeable lithium | 19 | 19 | 17 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 8 | 18 | 19 | 15 | 21 | 44 | 63 | 38 | 81 | 58 | 62 | 40 | 36 | 51 |
| power transfer | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 14 | 19 | 9 | 41 | 59 | 97 | 96 | 89 | 100 | 53 | 79 |
| charge discharge | 4 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 31 | 27 | 68 | 47 | 37 | 20 | 50 | 26 | 25 |
| supply system | 4 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 33 | 47 | 38 | 59 | 88 | 105 | 93 | 94 | 84 | 94 | 103 | 114 | 89 |
| charging device | 9 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 12 | 25 | 31 | 24 | 37 | 48 | 100 | 104 | 114 | 120 | 119 | 123 | 147 | 175 |
| management system | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 28 | 54 | 75 | 77 | 104 | 103 | 78 | 98 | 109 | 138 |
| device battery | 5 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 7 | 14 | 24 | 34 | 24 | 26 | 50 | 52 | 72 | 84 | 57 | 55 | 70 | 101 | 111 |
| battery aqueous | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 13 | 16 | 34 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 56 | 69 | 67 | 80 | 99 | 66 | 81 | 90 |
| supply device | 6 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 24 | 31 | 38 | 19 | 40 | 62 | 91 | 89 | 94 | 82 | 81 | 92 | 112 | 102 |
highest_abs_change_list_title_2_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| secondary battery | 102 | 102 | 107 | 123 | 147 | 149 | 172 | 148 | 158 | 147 | 161 | 172 | 174 | 177 | 178 | 174 | 180 | 155 | 164 | 193 |
| power supply | 49 | 41 | 62 | 41 | 62 | 76 | 59 | 72 | 74 | 48 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 49 | 55 | 48 | 51 | 51 | 47 | 39 |
| lithium secondary | 45 | 56 | 52 | 42 | 62 | 57 | 56 | 34 | 34 | 38 | 47 | 40 | 40 | 42 | 36 | 31 | 35 | 25 | 34 | 51 |
| lithium ion | 23 | 27 | 23 | 29 | 23 | 37 | 48 | 35 | 39 | 37 | 59 | 69 | 78 | 77 | 80 | 86 | 78 | 63 | 62 | 61 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 29 | 34 | 38 | 34 | 44 | 39 | 42 | 38 | 62 | 41 | 40 | 44 | 46 | 43 | 39 | 49 | 55 | 41 | 32 | 37 |
| battery pack | 29 | 38 | 21 | 32 | 43 | 33 | 49 | 55 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 51 | 49 | 42 | 44 | 41 | 49 | 52 | 55 |
| active material | 35 | 33 | 44 | 41 | 33 | 29 | 32 | 31 | 43 | 39 | 50 | 46 | 55 | 47 | 54 | 52 | 45 | 48 | 41 | 49 |
| electric vehicle | 12 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 36 | 33 | 41 | 44 | 25 | 29 | 20 | 29 | 29 | 36 |
| motor vehicle | 9 | 8 | 17 | 5 | 18 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 20 | 16 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 18 | 27 |
| ion secondary | 4 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 15 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 33 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 35 | 28 | 24 | 25 |
| electrolyte secondary | 24 | 22 | 25 | 25 | 35 | 28 | 28 | 27 | 44 | 32 | 32 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 32 | 39 | 40 | 28 | 22 | 25 |
| battery module | 5 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 21 | 8 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 33 | 39 |
| secondary cell | 21 | 32 | 31 | 41 | 26 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 6 |
| storage battery | 28 | 38 | 27 | 36 | 30 | 25 | 27 | 23 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 17 | 12 | 11 | 10 |
| lithium battery | 21 | 25 | 21 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 20 | 23 | 21 | 14 | 27 | 27 | 25 | 18 | 15 | 19 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 14 | 11 | 24 | 27 | 39 | 34 | 38 | 38 | 26 | 20 |
| electrode active | 9 | 15 | 11 | 19 | 19 | 16 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 21 | 25 | 29 | 30 | 23 | 23 | 29 | 28 | 31 | 25 | 31 |
| ion battery | 10 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 31 | 29 | 34 | 37 | 39 | 35 | 39 | 33 |
| battery electrode | 13 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 21 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 24 | 25 | 32 | 25 | 29 | 31 | 27 | 32 | 28 | 31 |
| energy storage | 0 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 27 | 39 | 28 | 32 | 29 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| rechargeable battery | 18 | 15 | 22 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 26 | 29 | 22 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 19 | 10 | 11 | 11 |
| storage device | 7 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 23 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 34 | 44 | 43 | 39 | 35 | 37 | 31 | 35 |
| electric power | 5 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 15 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 7 |
| battery charging | 14 | 24 | 13 | 14 | 19 | 13 | 11 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| electronic device | 17 | 15 | 13 | 22 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 20 | 24 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 19 | 23 | 21 | 29 | 29 | 24 | 27 | 24 |
| battery system | 4 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 19 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 18 | 17 |
| material lithium | 14 | 14 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 21 | 31 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 22 | 17 | 16 | 22 |
| aqueous secondary | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 9 |
| lead acid | 19 | 14 | 7 | 22 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
| battery manufacturing | 10 | 19 | 24 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 20 | 24 |
| acid battery | 14 | 12 | 6 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| rechargeable lithium | 20 | 17 | 15 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| control device | 3 | 5 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 17 |
| charging system | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 13 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 19 |
| electrode material | 17 | 14 | 15 | 24 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 18 | 17 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 24 | 18 | 15 | 14 | 18 |
| power storage | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 14 | 21 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 30 | 25 | 20 |
| charge discharge | 4 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 3 |
| material aqueous | 9 | 5 | 21 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| power transmission | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 19 | 24 | 26 | 22 | 19 | 19 | 15 | 13 |
| electrochemical device | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 15 |
| battery lithium | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 17 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 19 | 20 | 15 | 17 | 21 |
| electrochemical cell | 28 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| device power | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 17 | 11 | 12 |
| battery cell | 5 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 17 | 26 | 25 | 21 | 24 | 19 | 25 | 24 |
| power source | 12 | 15 | 10 | 18 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 |
| supply system | 4 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 16 | 20 | 14 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 9 |
| system vehicle | 0 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 |
| battery charger | 27 | 19 | 17 | 23 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
| battery aqueous | 3 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 9 |
| cathode active | 1 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
growing_list_title_3, shrinking_list_title_3, highest_abs_change_list_title_3, growing_list_title_3_scaled, shrinking_list_title_3_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_title_3_scaled = growing_keywords(
3,
'appln_title'
)
N-grams created N-grams counted Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created
growing_list_title_3[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium secondary battery | 35 | 49 | 47 | 41 | 68 | 80 | 95 | 63 | 66 | 99 | 141 | 179 | 229 | 265 | 248 | 209 | 233 | 187 | 281 | 483 |
| lithium ion battery | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 18 | 31 | 27 | 39 | 43 | 75 | 145 | 185 | 185 | 221 | 225 | 248 | 235 | 291 | 280 |
| electrode active material | 8 | 16 | 11 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 25 | 35 | 40 | 54 | 72 | 124 | 169 | 147 | 154 | 192 | 186 | 231 | 199 | 272 |
| ion secondary battery | 3 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 18 | 23 | 42 | 32 | 36 | 38 | 86 | 142 | 184 | 271 | 286 | 283 | 220 | 195 | 194 | 230 |
| lithium ion secondary | 4 | 13 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 28 | 43 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 87 | 150 | 198 | 283 | 306 | 316 | 224 | 202 | 192 | 224 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 14 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 34 | 39 | 47 | 52 | 99 | 82 | 93 | 132 | 164 | 178 | 198 | 252 | 259 | 200 | 181 | 228 |
| secondary battery electrode | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 18 | 14 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 39 | 58 | 123 | 113 | 128 | 131 | 123 | 147 | 151 | 213 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 20 | 23 | 25 | 29 | 41 | 41 | 48 | 53 | 99 | 80 | 96 | 137 | 170 | 187 | 216 | 263 | 276 | 206 | 171 | 225 |
| secondary battery manufacturing | 5 | 8 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 37 | 47 | 33 | 73 | 91 | 76 | 86 | 91 | 94 | 67 | 111 | 155 |
| secondary battery lithium | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 25 | 10 | 16 | 25 | 43 | 46 | 64 | 96 | 117 | 101 | 92 | 76 | 98 | 147 |
| energy storage device | 0 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 26 | 41 | 58 | 114 | 78 | 88 | 86 | 99 | 103 | 128 |
| active material lithium | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 8 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 18 | 34 | 55 | 67 | 97 | 96 | 113 | 101 | 81 | 64 | 65 | 127 |
| solid state battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 19 | 34 | 25 | 18 | 13 | 41 | 52 | 105 |
| power storage device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 12 | 14 | 35 | 58 | 66 | 108 | 91 | 93 | 112 | 99 | 104 |
| battery lithium secondary | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 6 | 10 | 21 | 29 | 26 | 44 | 46 | 60 | 47 | 48 | 34 | 58 | 106 |
| redox flow battery | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 20 | 17 | 35 | 45 | 46 | 53 | 65 | 89 |
| electrode lithium secondary | 3 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 29 | 38 | 24 | 24 | 16 | 24 | 35 | 89 |
| material lithium secondary | 10 | 15 | 16 | 10 | 22 | 28 | 21 | 12 | 13 | 26 | 44 | 41 | 61 | 68 | 73 | 50 | 54 | 38 | 46 | 96 |
| material lithium ion | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 18 | 39 | 57 | 75 | 89 | 91 | 102 | 82 | 68 | 75 | 85 |
| electrode secondary battery | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 23 | 27 | 42 | 41 | 27 | 29 | 49 | 86 | 85 |
| power supply device | 4 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 26 | 36 | 16 | 37 | 60 | 86 | 82 | 90 | 81 | 77 | 89 | 95 | 86 |
| power supply system | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 30 | 46 | 33 | 55 | 70 | 98 | 86 | 88 | 74 | 84 | 99 | 107 | 83 |
| aqueous secondary battery | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 29 | 16 | 22 | 20 | 45 | 56 | 36 | 53 | 60 | 80 | 127 | 85 |
| electrode lithium ion | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 21 | 37 | 67 | 81 | 104 | 95 | 72 | 81 | 75 | 73 |
| cathode active material | 1 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 14 | 7 | 16 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 46 | 53 | 62 | 51 | 31 | 53 | 55 | 71 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 31 | 28 | 50 | 44 | 52 | 37 | 58 | 89 | 69 |
| secondary battery aqueous | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 11 | 22 | 17 | 23 | 26 | 41 | 53 | 53 | 69 | 80 | 53 | 75 | 72 |
| battery lithium ion | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 18 | 38 | 40 | 61 | 67 | 70 | 67 | 62 | 58 | 63 |
| state secondary battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 44 | 55 | 29 | 62 |
| battery aqueous electrolyte | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 26 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 41 | 53 | 57 | 65 | 80 | 50 | 45 | 62 |
| solid state secondary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 50 | 56 | 30 | 59 |
| battery electrode lithium | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 28 | 33 | 35 | 44 | 40 | 29 | 26 | 29 | 58 |
| wireless power transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 18 | 62 | 57 | 90 | 64 | 57 | 57 | 60 | 58 |
| electrode material lithium | 1 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 18 | 28 | 28 | 45 | 42 | 49 | 42 | 34 | 33 | 58 |
| battery pack vehicle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 37 | 44 | 50 |
| module battery pack | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 32 | 30 | 49 |
| wireless power transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 12 | 27 | 47 | 55 | 65 | 77 | 35 | 48 |
| active material electrode | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 24 | 17 | 31 | 35 | 20 | 33 | 30 | 44 | 39 | 48 |
| power transmission system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 33 | 52 | 35 | 48 | 29 | 30 | 51 | 46 |
| material aqueous electrolyte | 5 | 3 | 18 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 19 | 16 | 19 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 46 | 65 | 74 | 61 | 37 | 50 |
| active material aqueous | 4 | 4 | 19 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 12 | 19 | 8 | 12 | 23 | 31 | 38 | 39 | 54 | 53 | 46 | 36 | 49 |
| electrode aqueous electrolyte | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 11 | 22 | 15 | 22 | 31 | 49 | 33 | 50 | 60 | 43 | 36 | 43 | 47 |
| electricity storage device | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 21 | 38 | 32 | 51 | 55 | 35 | 32 | 30 | 41 |
| battery management system | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 23 | 33 | 36 | 38 | 43 | 23 | 38 | 49 | 41 |
| aqueous electrolyte solution | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 20 | 40 |
| lithium sulfur battery | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 29 | 22 | 46 | 38 | 40 |
| anode active material | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 19 | 4 | 21 | 27 | 59 | 24 | 26 | 22 | 20 | 39 |
| electrical energy storage | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 14 | 25 | 19 | 26 | 19 | 23 | 36 | 39 |
| battery motor vehicle | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 18 | 29 | 15 | 6 | 19 | 8 | 12 | 38 |
| device motor vehicle | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 20 | 39 |
growing_list_title_3_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ion secondary battery | 3 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 23 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 32 | 26 | 23 | 24 |
| electrode active material | 9 | 14 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 27 | 28 | 22 | 22 | 28 | 27 | 31 | 23 | 29 |
| lithium ion battery | 10 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 31 | 31 | 28 | 31 | 32 | 36 | 31 | 34 | 29 |
| lithium ion secondary | 4 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 33 | 43 | 43 | 46 | 32 | 27 | 23 | 24 |
| secondary battery electrode | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 21 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 22 |
| lithium secondary battery | 37 | 43 | 43 | 36 | 55 | 53 | 52 | 31 | 29 | 38 | 45 | 39 | 38 | 40 | 35 | 30 | 33 | 25 | 33 | 51 |
| energy storage device | 0 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 |
| secondary battery lithium | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 15 |
| solid state battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| secondary battery manufacturing | 5 | 7 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 11 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 16 |
| power storage device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 11 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 15 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 43 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 36 | 37 | 26 | 21 | 24 |
| redox flow battery | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| battery lithium secondary | 3 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 7 |
| material lithium ion | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| electrode secondary battery | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 9 |
| battery lithium ion | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 |
| state secondary battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 7 |
| cathode active material | 1 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
| solid state secondary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 6 |
| electrode lithium secondary | 3 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
| battery electrode lithium | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| wireless power transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| active material lithium | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 13 |
| power supply system | 3 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 13 | 18 | 15 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 9 |
| battery aqueous electrolyte | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
| battery pack vehicle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| module battery pack | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| wireless power transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 5 |
| electrode material lithium | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
| power transmission system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 |
| power supply device | 4 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 |
| electrode lithium ion | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 8 |
| secondary battery aqueous | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
| electricity storage device | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| aqueous electrolyte solution | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| lithium sulfur battery | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| anode active material | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| electrical energy storage | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| battery motor vehicle | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| active material electrode | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| power transmission device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| manufacturing secondary battery | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| wireless charging system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| secondary battery pack | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| vehicle battery pack | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| system electric vehicle | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| electric vehicle charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| power storage system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 |
shrinking_list_title_3[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hydrogen absorbing alloy | 10 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| absorbing alloy electrode | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alkaline storage battery | 13 | 25 | 25 | 18 | 11 | 12 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 19 | 4 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 |
| lithium secondary cell | 7 | 14 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 1 |
| double layer capacitor | 7 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| sheet battery case | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| charge storage device | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| hydrogen storage alloy | 8 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| lithium ion polymer | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| electric double layer | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| portable telephone battery | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode rechargeable lithium | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrode alkaline secondary | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| lithium manganese complex | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| radio communication equipment | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| manganese complex oxide | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| electrode structural body | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| safety valve element | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| mobile phone battery | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alloy electrode alkaline | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery safety valve | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| metallic porous body | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrode alkali storage | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| composition ionically conductive | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| multiple digital signal | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| valve regulated lead | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| capacitor solid polymer | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| process production electrode | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrolyte composition electric | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery connection terminal | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polarizable electrode electric | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| state monitoring circuit | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| associated fabrication process | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| power consumption reduction | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| protective cover battery | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| reduction medical device | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alkali storage battery | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| controlling state charge | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| aqueous electrolytic secondary | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| acid cell battery | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| telephone battery pack | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ion polymer battery | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| personal computer card | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| secondary battery process | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| apparatus measuring battery | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| current cutoff mechanism | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| charge discharge hybrid | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| consumption reduction medical | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery process manufacture | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery operated device | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
shrinking_list_title_3_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| alkaline storage battery | 14 | 22 | 23 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| rechargeable lithium battery | 17 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| hydrogen absorbing alloy | 11 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lead acid battery | 14 | 12 | 6 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| hydrogen storage alloy | 9 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrolyte secondary cell | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| absorbing alloy electrode | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium secondary cell | 7 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| double layer capacitor | 7 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| material rechargeable lithium | 9 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline secondary battery | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| active material rechargeable | 6 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| electric double layer | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium manganese oxide | 5 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| apparatus charging battery | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| sheet battery case | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| charge storage device | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrode alkaline secondary | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alkali storage battery | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| portable electronic apparatus | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| steel sheet battery | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery charging apparatus | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium battery electrode | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| portable electronic device | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| solid polymer electrolyte | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| lithium ion polymer | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| portable telephone battery | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode rechargeable lithium | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium manganese complex | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| radio communication equipment | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| manganese complex oxide | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrode structural body | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| safety valve element | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| mobile phone battery | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alloy electrode alkaline | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery safety valve | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| secondary battery process | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| device electronic equipment | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrical vehicle battery | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| power supply network | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cap assembly secondary | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| secondary battery manufacture | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| storage alloy electrode | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| aqueous electrolyte battery | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 3 |
| current collector battery | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| surface treated steel | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polyolefin microporous film | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| treated steel sheet | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode material lithium | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| based active material | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
highest_abs_change_list_title_3[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium secondary battery | 35 | 49 | 47 | 41 | 68 | 80 | 95 | 63 | 66 | 99 | 141 | 179 | 229 | 265 | 248 | 209 | 233 | 187 | 281 | 483 |
| lithium ion secondary | 4 | 13 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 28 | 43 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 87 | 150 | 198 | 283 | 306 | 316 | 224 | 202 | 192 | 224 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 20 | 23 | 25 | 29 | 41 | 41 | 48 | 53 | 99 | 80 | 96 | 137 | 170 | 187 | 216 | 263 | 276 | 206 | 171 | 225 |
| ion secondary battery | 3 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 18 | 23 | 42 | 32 | 36 | 38 | 86 | 142 | 184 | 271 | 286 | 283 | 220 | 195 | 194 | 230 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 14 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 34 | 39 | 47 | 52 | 99 | 82 | 93 | 132 | 164 | 178 | 198 | 252 | 259 | 200 | 181 | 228 |
| electrode active material | 8 | 16 | 11 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 25 | 35 | 40 | 54 | 72 | 124 | 169 | 147 | 154 | 192 | 186 | 231 | 199 | 272 |
| lithium ion battery | 9 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 4 | 18 | 31 | 27 | 39 | 43 | 75 | 145 | 185 | 185 | 221 | 225 | 248 | 235 | 291 | 280 |
| secondary battery manufacturing | 5 | 8 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 37 | 47 | 33 | 73 | 91 | 76 | 86 | 91 | 94 | 67 | 111 | 155 |
| secondary battery electrode | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 18 | 14 | 20 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 39 | 58 | 123 | 113 | 128 | 131 | 123 | 147 | 151 | 213 |
| secondary battery lithium | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 25 | 10 | 16 | 25 | 43 | 46 | 64 | 96 | 117 | 101 | 92 | 76 | 98 | 147 |
| aqueous secondary battery | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 29 | 16 | 22 | 20 | 45 | 56 | 36 | 53 | 60 | 80 | 127 | 85 |
| active material lithium | 7 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 8 | 19 | 14 | 13 | 18 | 34 | 55 | 67 | 97 | 96 | 113 | 101 | 81 | 64 | 65 | 127 |
| rechargeable lithium battery | 16 | 16 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 6 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 17 | 41 | 61 | 31 | 76 | 54 | 53 | 37 | 33 | 43 |
| material lithium secondary | 10 | 15 | 16 | 10 | 22 | 28 | 21 | 12 | 13 | 26 | 44 | 41 | 61 | 68 | 73 | 50 | 54 | 38 | 46 | 96 |
| energy storage device | 0 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 26 | 41 | 58 | 114 | 78 | 88 | 86 | 99 | 103 | 128 |
| power supply system | 3 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 30 | 46 | 33 | 55 | 70 | 98 | 86 | 88 | 74 | 84 | 99 | 107 | 83 |
| power supply device | 4 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 26 | 36 | 16 | 37 | 60 | 86 | 82 | 90 | 81 | 77 | 89 | 95 | 86 |
| battery lithium secondary | 3 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 6 | 10 | 21 | 29 | 26 | 44 | 46 | 60 | 47 | 48 | 34 | 58 | 106 |
| anode active material | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 19 | 4 | 21 | 27 | 59 | 24 | 26 | 22 | 20 | 39 |
| power storage device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 16 | 12 | 14 | 35 | 58 | 66 | 108 | 91 | 93 | 112 | 99 | 104 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 11 | 31 | 28 | 50 | 44 | 52 | 37 | 58 | 89 | 69 |
| cathode active material | 1 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 14 | 7 | 16 | 20 | 19 | 22 | 46 | 53 | 62 | 51 | 31 | 53 | 55 | 71 |
| material lithium ion | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 18 | 39 | 57 | 75 | 89 | 91 | 102 | 82 | 68 | 75 | 85 |
| electrode lithium ion | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 21 | 37 | 67 | 81 | 104 | 95 | 72 | 81 | 75 | 73 |
| battery aqueous electrolyte | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 26 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 41 | 53 | 57 | 65 | 80 | 50 | 45 | 62 |
| aqueous electrolyte battery | 6 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 23 | 18 | 12 | 37 | 53 | 45 | 36 | 32 | 44 | 59 | 31 | 33 |
| material aqueous electrolyte | 5 | 3 | 18 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 19 | 16 | 19 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 46 | 65 | 74 | 61 | 37 | 50 |
| wireless power transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 12 | 27 | 47 | 55 | 65 | 77 | 35 | 48 |
| secondary battery aqueous | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 11 | 22 | 17 | 23 | 26 | 41 | 53 | 53 | 69 | 80 | 53 | 75 | 72 |
| solid state battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 19 | 34 | 25 | 18 | 13 | 41 | 52 | 105 |
| electrode aqueous electrolyte | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 11 | 22 | 15 | 22 | 31 | 49 | 33 | 50 | 60 | 43 | 36 | 43 | 47 |
| electrode lithium secondary | 3 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 29 | 38 | 24 | 24 | 16 | 24 | 35 | 89 |
| active material aqueous | 4 | 4 | 19 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 12 | 19 | 8 | 12 | 23 | 31 | 38 | 39 | 54 | 53 | 46 | 36 | 49 |
| wireless power transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 18 | 62 | 57 | 90 | 64 | 57 | 57 | 60 | 58 |
| power transmission system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 33 | 52 | 35 | 48 | 29 | 30 | 51 | 46 |
| power supply apparatus | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 32 | 21 | 31 | 16 | 33 | 17 | 19 | 11 |
| alkaline storage battery | 13 | 25 | 25 | 18 | 11 | 12 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 19 | 4 | 18 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 7 |
| secondary battery pack | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 45 | 25 | 37 | 25 | 21 | 39 | 35 |
| electrode secondary battery | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 23 | 27 | 42 | 41 | 27 | 29 | 49 | 86 | 85 |
| state secondary battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 44 | 55 | 29 | 62 |
| active material electrode | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 24 | 17 | 31 | 35 | 20 | 33 | 30 | 44 | 39 | 48 |
| lead acid battery | 13 | 14 | 7 | 24 | 12 | 16 | 13 | 2 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 22 | 22 | 24 | 40 | 44 | 31 | 36 |
| solid state secondary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 50 | 56 | 30 | 59 |
| portable electronic device | 4 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 28 | 21 | 31 | 26 | 30 | 19 | 26 | 24 | 5 | 12 | 9 |
| electrode material lithium | 1 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 18 | 28 | 28 | 45 | 42 | 49 | 42 | 34 | 33 | 58 |
| power storage system | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 37 | 36 | 33 | 38 | 27 | 43 | 55 | 32 |
| charge discharge control | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 28 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 30 | 13 | 9 |
| material secondary battery | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 25 | 31 | 51 | 37 | 34 |
| battery motor vehicle | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 18 | 29 | 15 | 6 | 19 | 8 | 12 | 38 |
| redox flow battery | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 20 | 17 | 35 | 45 | 46 | 53 | 65 | 89 |
highest_abs_change_list_title_3_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium secondary battery | 37 | 43 | 43 | 36 | 55 | 53 | 52 | 31 | 29 | 38 | 45 | 39 | 38 | 40 | 35 | 30 | 33 | 25 | 33 | 51 |
| lithium ion secondary | 4 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 19 | 24 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 33 | 43 | 43 | 46 | 32 | 27 | 23 | 24 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 21 | 20 | 23 | 25 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 43 | 30 | 31 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 31 | 38 | 40 | 27 | 20 | 24 |
| ion secondary battery | 3 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 23 | 16 | 16 | 14 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 32 | 26 | 23 | 24 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 15 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 27 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 43 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 36 | 37 | 26 | 21 | 24 |
| lithium ion battery | 10 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 24 | 31 | 31 | 28 | 31 | 32 | 36 | 31 | 34 | 29 |
| electrode active material | 9 | 14 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 27 | 28 | 22 | 22 | 28 | 27 | 31 | 23 | 29 |
| aqueous secondary battery | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 9 |
| material lithium secondary | 11 | 13 | 14 | 9 | 18 | 19 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| lead acid battery | 14 | 12 | 6 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| rechargeable lithium battery | 17 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| power supply system | 3 | 4 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 15 | 20 | 13 | 18 | 15 | 16 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 9 |
| secondary battery manufacturing | 5 | 7 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 16 | 18 | 11 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 16 |
| active material lithium | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 13 |
| active material aqueous | 4 | 4 | 17 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 5 |
| secondary battery electrode | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 21 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 22 |
| alkaline storage battery | 14 | 22 | 23 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| secondary battery lithium | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 10 | 12 | 15 |
| material aqueous electrolyte | 5 | 3 | 16 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 5 |
| cathode active material | 1 | 3 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
| power supply device | 4 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 9 |
| anode active material | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| battery aqueous electrolyte | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 7 |
| energy storage device | 0 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 17 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 |
| aqueous electrolyte battery | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 3 |
| secondary battery aqueous | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
| uninterruptible power supply | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| lithium rechargeable battery | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| portable electronic device | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| battery lithium secondary | 3 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| active material electrode | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| material lithium ion | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 7 |
| lithium sulfur battery | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| power supply apparatus | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| electrode lithium secondary | 3 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
| electrode material lithium | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
| power generation system | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| electrode aqueous electrolyte | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| lithium secondary cell | 7 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| double layer capacitor | 7 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| material secondary battery | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
| electrode lithium ion | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 8 |
| secondary battery pack | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| power storage device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 11 |
| power supply control | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| vehicle power supply | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| power supply unit | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| battery lithium ion | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 |
| charge discharge control | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
growing_list_abstract_1, shrinking_list_abstract_1, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1, growing_list_abstract_1_scaled, shrinking_list_abstract_1_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1_scaled = growing_keywords(
1,
'appln_abstract'
)
N-grams created N-grams counted Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created
growing_list_abstract_1[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery | 2,477 | 2,826 | 2,601 | 3,026 | 3,032 | 3,750 | 4,759 | 5,474 | 6,031 | 6,676 | 7,915 | 13,057 | 15,844 | 17,753 | 17,823 | 16,834 | 17,728 | 18,320 | 21,510 | 25,812 |
| power | 810 | 999 | 1,200 | 1,325 | 1,450 | 1,767 | 2,195 | 2,515 | 3,097 | 3,628 | 4,901 | 7,840 | 10,040 | 11,933 | 13,007 | 12,092 | 11,679 | 13,535 | 13,223 | 13,695 |
| electrode | 773 | 921 | 717 | 863 | 1,131 | 1,368 | 2,091 | 1,878 | 2,047 | 2,397 | 2,814 | 5,462 | 7,003 | 7,767 | 8,036 | 8,124 | 8,021 | 8,189 | 10,463 | 12,357 |
| device | 506 | 608 | 614 | 790 | 860 | 1,058 | 1,341 | 1,468 | 2,046 | 2,342 | 3,302 | 4,205 | 5,932 | 6,942 | 7,243 | 6,730 | 7,070 | 7,787 | 8,638 | 9,911 |
| charging | 545 | 636 | 697 | 728 | 792 | 850 | 1,051 | 1,060 | 1,552 | 1,863 | 2,395 | 3,350 | 4,760 | 5,798 | 5,387 | 5,038 | 5,671 | 6,737 | 7,086 | 8,942 |
| material | 598 | 586 | 726 | 695 | 686 | 940 | 1,205 | 1,335 | 1,443 | 1,564 | 2,015 | 3,198 | 4,483 | 4,828 | 5,268 | 5,247 | 4,683 | 5,034 | 5,637 | 7,030 |
| unit | 223 | 362 | 365 | 389 | 428 | 633 | 923 | 1,023 | 1,041 | 1,411 | 2,059 | 3,459 | 4,870 | 5,650 | 4,998 | 5,151 | 4,860 | 5,408 | 6,044 | 6,487 |
| layer | 250 | 296 | 335 | 338 | 347 | 573 | 667 | 830 | 866 | 968 | 1,078 | 1,846 | 2,497 | 2,939 | 3,033 | 2,918 | 3,283 | 3,470 | 4,821 | 6,159 |
| cell | 523 | 661 | 508 | 544 | 528 | 575 | 1,018 | 1,016 | 1,187 | 1,441 | 1,932 | 2,990 | 4,494 | 5,020 | 4,762 | 4,239 | 4,350 | 4,105 | 5,027 | 5,841 |
| lithium | 444 | 545 | 495 | 518 | 633 | 675 | 897 | 892 | 1,027 | 1,195 | 1,510 | 2,491 | 3,277 | 3,173 | 3,447 | 3,776 | 3,948 | 3,541 | 4,276 | 5,666 |
| vehicle | 134 | 207 | 225 | 201 | 257 | 284 | 335 | 466 | 586 | 787 | 1,330 | 1,857 | 2,633 | 2,995 | 2,749 | 2,432 | 2,217 | 2,855 | 3,629 | 5,226 |
| system | 234 | 357 | 334 | 452 | 377 | 469 | 635 | 778 | 1,010 | 1,248 | 1,500 | 2,505 | 3,041 | 3,456 | 3,526 | 3,466 | 3,641 | 4,076 | 4,605 | 5,087 |
| control | 356 | 457 | 374 | 422 | 530 | 668 | 719 | 1,015 | 1,037 | 1,425 | 1,594 | 2,549 | 3,419 | 4,093 | 3,757 | 3,605 | 3,734 | 4,506 | 4,822 | 5,162 |
| current | 562 | 689 | 692 | 698 | 737 | 1,002 | 1,083 | 1,318 | 1,515 | 1,802 | 1,769 | 2,843 | 3,330 | 3,741 | 3,557 | 3,500 | 3,724 | 4,180 | 4,570 | 5,250 |
| module | 109 | 169 | 133 | 170 | 148 | 190 | 404 | 456 | 572 | 789 | 1,124 | 1,706 | 2,418 | 2,768 | 2,950 | 2,781 | 3,049 | 3,417 | 4,216 | 4,770 |
| voltage | 717 | 1,065 | 1,095 | 1,041 | 1,158 | 1,517 | 1,587 | 2,051 | 2,172 | 2,388 | 2,391 | 3,725 | 4,133 | 4,381 | 4,859 | 4,633 | 4,536 | 4,603 | 5,003 | 5,286 |
| connected | 331 | 375 | 383 | 434 | 395 | 640 | 666 | 708 | 956 | 1,208 | 1,450 | 2,245 | 2,899 | 3,314 | 3,275 | 3,021 | 3,218 | 3,613 | 4,251 | 4,761 |
| storage | 222 | 270 | 287 | 364 | 288 | 392 | 444 | 588 | 891 | 866 | 1,373 | 2,119 | 3,023 | 3,373 | 3,553 | 3,177 | 3,622 | 3,981 | 3,869 | 4,571 |
| energy | 144 | 210 | 255 | 350 | 337 | 410 | 415 | 697 | 882 | 1,076 | 1,598 | 2,230 | 2,722 | 2,964 | 2,991 | 2,720 | 2,898 | 3,459 | 3,745 | 4,302 |
| secondary | 318 | 405 | 376 | 469 | 475 | 701 | 919 | 963 | 1,049 | 1,159 | 1,382 | 2,506 | 3,146 | 3,343 | 3,396 | 3,432 | 3,512 | 3,113 | 3,588 | 4,374 |
| surface | 288 | 286 | 277 | 303 | 328 | 463 | 566 | 605 | 826 | 823 | 936 | 1,546 | 2,075 | 2,151 | 2,576 | 2,548 | 2,843 | 2,903 | 3,634 | 4,318 |
| circuit | 562 | 574 | 639 | 649 | 748 | 1,125 | 1,172 | 1,310 | 1,576 | 1,986 | 1,724 | 2,682 | 3,055 | 3,531 | 3,479 | 3,420 | 3,423 | 3,971 | 4,631 | 4,583 |
| present | 179 | 190 | 170 | 160 | 161 | 281 | 268 | 350 | 395 | 403 | 534 | 844 | 1,297 | 1,541 | 2,501 | 2,564 | 2,899 | 3,174 | 3,626 | 3,968 |
| part | 159 | 202 | 295 | 375 | 347 | 565 | 755 | 704 | 790 | 908 | 1,204 | 1,931 | 3,165 | 3,236 | 3,265 | 2,653 | 2,423 | 2,553 | 3,727 | 3,752 |
| plurality | 157 | 237 | 148 | 206 | 177 | 319 | 387 | 427 | 597 | 643 | 763 | 1,505 | 1,920 | 2,164 | 2,123 | 2,132 | 2,302 | 2,510 | 3,382 | 3,727 |
| electric | 229 | 317 | 286 | 326 | 323 | 491 | 529 | 564 | 891 | 1,021 | 1,403 | 2,279 | 3,023 | 3,375 | 2,863 | 2,619 | 2,271 | 2,708 | 3,185 | 3,746 |
| active | 269 | 298 | 334 | 318 | 382 | 456 | 665 | 755 | 838 | 848 | 1,059 | 1,820 | 2,528 | 2,677 | 2,819 | 2,802 | 2,442 | 2,673 | 2,902 | 3,770 |
| plate | 244 | 400 | 234 | 283 | 288 | 420 | 616 | 503 | 536 | 555 | 745 | 1,535 | 2,077 | 2,007 | 1,957 | 2,067 | 2,100 | 2,095 | 2,981 | 3,654 |
| electrolyte | 223 | 364 | 303 | 290 | 351 | 404 | 533 | 560 | 655 | 496 | 607 | 1,202 | 1,734 | 1,946 | 2,261 | 2,199 | 2,381 | 2,222 | 2,988 | 3,596 |
| supply | 272 | 332 | 456 | 384 | 495 | 696 | 767 | 847 | 946 | 1,021 | 1,382 | 2,227 | 2,664 | 3,045 | 3,169 | 2,789 | 2,691 | 2,975 | 3,419 | 3,631 |
| side | 176 | 254 | 179 | 191 | 177 | 348 | 447 | 457 | 620 | 595 | 818 | 1,323 | 1,833 | 2,065 | 2,182 | 2,089 | 1,991 | 2,397 | 2,736 | 3,361 |
| portion | 232 | 285 | 157 | 192 | 220 | 286 | 519 | 356 | 599 | 637 | 763 | 1,358 | 1,639 | 1,892 | 1,849 | 1,791 | 2,336 | 2,843 | 3,306 | 3,387 |
| terminal | 349 | 458 | 443 | 435 | 496 | 647 | 822 | 784 | 856 | 968 | 1,230 | 1,947 | 2,443 | 3,037 | 2,822 | 2,687 | 2,886 | 3,153 | 3,310 | 3,484 |
| configured | 23 | 25 | 22 | 45 | 65 | 74 | 135 | 147 | 239 | 376 | 555 | 754 | 1,020 | 1,384 | 1,622 | 1,830 | 1,950 | 2,422 | 2,701 | 2,861 |
| body | 148 | 180 | 161 | 283 | 196 | 281 | 331 | 398 | 486 | 549 | 850 | 1,164 | 1,395 | 1,608 | 1,650 | 1,464 | 1,734 | 1,858 | 2,487 | 2,882 |
| state | 174 | 216 | 240 | 231 | 290 | 299 | 411 | 469 | 577 | 645 | 770 | 1,069 | 1,495 | 1,915 | 1,892 | 1,851 | 1,821 | 1,898 | 2,354 | 2,817 |
| temperature | 261 | 308 | 232 | 242 | 200 | 316 | 488 | 552 | 604 | 730 | 769 | 1,058 | 1,349 | 1,518 | 1,490 | 1,481 | 1,720 | 1,613 | 2,071 | 2,730 |
| electrical | 174 | 193 | 270 | 274 | 298 | 374 | 417 | 526 | 613 | 744 | 915 | 1,320 | 1,844 | 1,797 | 1,779 | 1,734 | 1,998 | 2,005 | 2,409 | 2,605 |
| element | 305 | 275 | 333 | 269 | 305 | 468 | 584 | 556 | 721 | 788 | 839 | 1,333 | 1,928 | 1,831 | 2,081 | 2,025 | 1,957 | 2,162 | 2,350 | 2,646 |
| heat | 62 | 73 | 82 | 82 | 112 | 132 | 196 | 226 | 273 | 289 | 429 | 687 | 909 | 1,143 | 964 | 1,039 | 1,073 | 1,178 | 1,594 | 2,356 |
| pack | 161 | 199 | 117 | 237 | 235 | 291 | 419 | 535 | 501 | 601 | 625 | 1,034 | 1,409 | 1,442 | 1,396 | 1,182 | 1,436 | 1,605 | 1,766 | 2,440 |
| assembly | 106 | 79 | 58 | 103 | 101 | 236 | 397 | 388 | 368 | 461 | 527 | 995 | 1,125 | 1,185 | 1,379 | 1,567 | 1,567 | 1,743 | 2,054 | 2,367 |
| metal | 306 | 319 | 287 | 271 | 345 | 423 | 392 | 499 | 564 | 572 | 706 | 1,096 | 1,503 | 1,554 | 1,736 | 1,678 | 1,798 | 1,805 | 1,991 | 2,556 |
| housing | 149 | 141 | 118 | 125 | 166 | 273 | 342 | 388 | 410 | 473 | 474 | 784 | 928 | 1,292 | 1,352 | 1,212 | 1,356 | 1,557 | 2,115 | 2,303 |
| connection | 116 | 129 | 169 | 161 | 142 | 235 | 276 | 295 | 397 | 462 | 510 | 894 | 1,260 | 1,295 | 1,427 | 1,250 | 1,324 | 1,562 | 1,988 | 2,257 |
| solution | 205 | 295 | 398 | 419 | 416 | 573 | 661 | 683 | 750 | 927 | 888 | 1,512 | 1,961 | 2,302 | 2,213 | 2,040 | 1,997 | 1,666 | 1,912 | 2,304 |
| direction | 58 | 80 | 53 | 88 | 93 | 140 | 228 | 206 | 300 | 286 | 311 | 592 | 956 | 1,038 | 1,173 | 1,024 | 1,192 | 1,325 | 1,658 | 2,150 |
| charge | 391 | 446 | 369 | 404 | 480 | 573 | 562 | 776 | 940 | 1,221 | 1,262 | 1,899 | 2,434 | 2,448 | 2,562 | 2,188 | 2,092 | 2,234 | 2,065 | 2,467 |
| particle | 163 | 161 | 196 | 141 | 227 | 274 | 324 | 487 | 432 | 455 | 615 | 710 | 1,073 | 1,240 | 1,257 | 1,480 | 1,577 | 1,578 | 1,854 | 2,238 |
| output | 241 | 268 | 319 | 336 | 363 | 516 | 624 | 654 | 743 | 798 | 936 | 1,487 | 1,681 | 1,876 | 1,763 | 1,936 | 2,037 | 2,152 | 2,308 | 2,264 |
growing_list_abstract_1_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power | 831 | 858 | 1,060 | 1,113 | 1,126 | 1,128 | 1,123 | 1,171 | 1,249 | 1,292 | 1,452 | 1,522 | 1,486 | 1,599 | 1,639 | 1,564 | 1,492 | 1,604 | 1,366 | 1,243 |
| device | 519 | 522 | 542 | 663 | 668 | 676 | 686 | 684 | 825 | 834 | 978 | 816 | 878 | 930 | 913 | 870 | 903 | 923 | 893 | 900 |
| unit | 229 | 311 | 322 | 327 | 332 | 404 | 472 | 476 | 420 | 502 | 610 | 671 | 721 | 757 | 630 | 666 | 621 | 641 | 625 | 589 |
| vehicle | 137 | 178 | 199 | 169 | 200 | 181 | 171 | 217 | 236 | 280 | 394 | 360 | 390 | 401 | 346 | 314 | 283 | 338 | 375 | 474 |
| electrode | 793 | 791 | 633 | 725 | 878 | 874 | 1,070 | 875 | 825 | 854 | 834 | 1,060 | 1,036 | 1,041 | 1,013 | 1,051 | 1,024 | 970 | 1,081 | 1,122 |
| module | 112 | 145 | 117 | 143 | 115 | 121 | 207 | 212 | 231 | 281 | 333 | 331 | 358 | 371 | 372 | 360 | 389 | 405 | 436 | 433 |
| layer | 256 | 254 | 296 | 284 | 269 | 366 | 341 | 387 | 349 | 345 | 319 | 358 | 370 | 394 | 382 | 377 | 419 | 411 | 498 | 559 |
| charging | 559 | 546 | 616 | 611 | 615 | 543 | 538 | 494 | 626 | 663 | 709 | 650 | 704 | 777 | 679 | 651 | 724 | 798 | 732 | 812 |
| energy | 148 | 180 | 225 | 294 | 262 | 262 | 212 | 325 | 356 | 383 | 473 | 433 | 403 | 397 | 377 | 352 | 370 | 410 | 387 | 391 |
| configured | 24 | 21 | 19 | 38 | 50 | 47 | 69 | 68 | 96 | 134 | 164 | 146 | 151 | 185 | 204 | 237 | 249 | 287 | 279 | 260 |
| system | 240 | 307 | 295 | 380 | 293 | 299 | 325 | 362 | 407 | 444 | 444 | 486 | 450 | 463 | 444 | 448 | 465 | 483 | 476 | 462 |
| storage | 228 | 232 | 254 | 306 | 224 | 250 | 227 | 274 | 359 | 308 | 407 | 411 | 447 | 452 | 448 | 411 | 463 | 472 | 400 | 415 |
| part | 163 | 174 | 261 | 315 | 269 | 361 | 386 | 328 | 319 | 323 | 357 | 375 | 468 | 434 | 411 | 343 | 309 | 303 | 385 | 341 |
| plurality | 161 | 204 | 131 | 173 | 137 | 204 | 198 | 199 | 241 | 229 | 226 | 292 | 284 | 290 | 268 | 276 | 294 | 297 | 349 | 338 |
| present | 184 | 163 | 150 | 134 | 125 | 179 | 137 | 163 | 159 | 144 | 158 | 164 | 192 | 206 | 315 | 332 | 370 | 376 | 375 | 360 |
| wireless | 8 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 30 | 56 | 29 | 31 | 42 | 73 | 99 | 76 | 119 | 170 | 218 | 217 | 246 | 262 | 191 | 171 |
| heat | 64 | 63 | 72 | 69 | 87 | 84 | 100 | 105 | 110 | 103 | 127 | 133 | 135 | 153 | 121 | 134 | 137 | 140 | 165 | 214 |
| direction | 59 | 69 | 47 | 74 | 72 | 89 | 117 | 96 | 121 | 102 | 92 | 115 | 141 | 139 | 148 | 132 | 152 | 157 | 171 | 195 |
| side | 181 | 218 | 158 | 160 | 137 | 222 | 229 | 213 | 250 | 212 | 242 | 257 | 271 | 277 | 275 | 270 | 254 | 284 | 283 | 305 |
| body | 152 | 155 | 142 | 238 | 152 | 179 | 169 | 185 | 196 | 196 | 252 | 226 | 206 | 215 | 208 | 189 | 221 | 220 | 257 | 262 |
| arranged | 55 | 67 | 54 | 92 | 85 | 82 | 101 | 100 | 119 | 144 | 135 | 158 | 155 | 135 | 147 | 136 | 136 | 126 | 152 | 162 |
| assembly | 109 | 68 | 51 | 86 | 78 | 151 | 203 | 181 | 148 | 164 | 156 | 193 | 166 | 159 | 174 | 203 | 200 | 207 | 212 | 215 |
| electric | 235 | 272 | 253 | 274 | 251 | 314 | 271 | 263 | 359 | 364 | 416 | 442 | 447 | 452 | 361 | 339 | 290 | 321 | 329 | 340 |
| control | 365 | 393 | 330 | 354 | 411 | 427 | 368 | 473 | 418 | 507 | 472 | 495 | 506 | 548 | 473 | 466 | 477 | 534 | 498 | 469 |
| electrolyte | 229 | 313 | 268 | 243 | 273 | 258 | 273 | 261 | 264 | 177 | 180 | 233 | 257 | 261 | 285 | 284 | 304 | 263 | 309 | 326 |
| surface | 295 | 246 | 245 | 254 | 255 | 296 | 290 | 282 | 333 | 293 | 277 | 300 | 307 | 288 | 325 | 329 | 363 | 344 | 376 | 392 |
| coil | 42 | 42 | 41 | 60 | 48 | 70 | 37 | 57 | 77 | 107 | 148 | 115 | 149 | 215 | 204 | 227 | 225 | 214 | 177 | 137 |
| connected | 339 | 322 | 338 | 364 | 307 | 409 | 341 | 330 | 385 | 430 | 430 | 436 | 429 | 444 | 413 | 391 | 411 | 428 | 439 | 432 |
| cooling | 28 | 38 | 25 | 50 | 36 | 33 | 63 | 75 | 65 | 73 | 66 | 96 | 89 | 92 | 66 | 72 | 87 | 92 | 104 | 118 |
| connection | 119 | 111 | 149 | 135 | 110 | 150 | 141 | 137 | 160 | 165 | 151 | 174 | 186 | 174 | 180 | 162 | 169 | 185 | 205 | 205 |
| management | 9 | 21 | 23 | 25 | 33 | 29 | 28 | 46 | 54 | 51 | 58 | 71 | 75 | 80 | 69 | 74 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 92 |
| plate | 250 | 344 | 207 | 238 | 224 | 268 | 315 | 234 | 216 | 198 | 221 | 298 | 307 | 269 | 247 | 267 | 268 | 248 | 308 | 332 |
| member | 99 | 145 | 126 | 132 | 149 | 140 | 161 | 116 | 158 | 222 | 190 | 139 | 180 | 183 | 166 | 156 | 170 | 186 | 186 | 179 |
| disposed | 71 | 64 | 65 | 41 | 51 | 68 | 50 | 64 | 79 | 75 | 69 | 80 | 91 | 98 | 90 | 105 | 120 | 138 | 141 | 148 |
| state | 178 | 186 | 212 | 194 | 225 | 191 | 210 | 218 | 233 | 230 | 228 | 207 | 221 | 257 | 238 | 239 | 233 | 225 | 243 | 256 |
| electrically | 92 | 88 | 95 | 86 | 113 | 133 | 119 | 116 | 123 | 150 | 162 | 144 | 168 | 159 | 150 | 163 | 160 | 164 | 192 | 169 |
| transmission | 24 | 20 | 17 | 34 | 22 | 38 | 16 | 27 | 61 | 97 | 88 | 69 | 105 | 145 | 147 | 159 | 136 | 148 | 118 | 100 |
| based | 95 | 128 | 116 | 98 | 107 | 109 | 135 | 123 | 143 | 161 | 134 | 137 | 156 | 153 | 158 | 177 | 173 | 184 | 182 | 170 |
| secondary | 326 | 348 | 332 | 394 | 369 | 448 | 470 | 449 | 423 | 413 | 409 | 486 | 466 | 448 | 428 | 444 | 449 | 369 | 371 | 397 |
| portion | 238 | 245 | 139 | 161 | 171 | 183 | 265 | 166 | 242 | 227 | 226 | 264 | 243 | 254 | 233 | 232 | 298 | 337 | 342 | 307 |
| active | 276 | 256 | 295 | 267 | 297 | 291 | 340 | 352 | 338 | 302 | 314 | 353 | 374 | 359 | 355 | 362 | 312 | 317 | 300 | 342 |
| solid | 84 | 54 | 46 | 54 | 45 | 24 | 40 | 28 | 38 | 35 | 38 | 61 | 55 | 74 | 68 | 78 | 88 | 101 | 113 | 149 |
| station | 19 | 22 | 17 | 18 | 27 | 26 | 12 | 16 | 23 | 30 | 72 | 59 | 47 | 54 | 36 | 46 | 53 | 61 | 56 | 84 |
| disclosure | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 28 | 43 | 48 | 59 | 61 | 63 |
| embodiment | 32 | 40 | 27 | 30 | 34 | 50 | 36 | 50 | 48 | 52 | 64 | 65 | 48 | 58 | 87 | 92 | 117 | 101 | 111 | 92 |
| frame | 25 | 34 | 25 | 33 | 22 | 37 | 55 | 43 | 31 | 31 | 39 | 51 | 52 | 42 | 44 | 58 | 51 | 52 | 76 | 84 |
| lithium | 455 | 468 | 437 | 435 | 491 | 431 | 459 | 415 | 414 | 426 | 447 | 484 | 485 | 425 | 434 | 488 | 504 | 420 | 442 | 514 |
| collector | 109 | 87 | 79 | 97 | 96 | 139 | 112 | 149 | 151 | 163 | 130 | 157 | 157 | 156 | 128 | 106 | 115 | 112 | 160 | 167 |
| electrical | 178 | 166 | 239 | 230 | 231 | 239 | 213 | 245 | 247 | 265 | 271 | 256 | 273 | 241 | 224 | 224 | 255 | 238 | 249 | 236 |
| receiving | 53 | 69 | 45 | 64 | 68 | 61 | 66 | 94 | 89 | 114 | 130 | 104 | 105 | 144 | 185 | 145 | 140 | 142 | 144 | 110 |
shrinking_list_abstract_1[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| telephone | 49 | 60 | 59 | 45 | 39 | 33 | 43 | 19 | 31 | 17 | 24 | 18 | 28 | 25 | 34 | 19 | 33 | 6 | 9 | 7 |
| mum | 22 | 14 | 26 | 8 | 35 | 27 | 17 | 17 | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 21 | 17 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| copyright | 17 | 15 | 27 | 210 | 267 | 393 | 438 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| jpo | 17 | 15 | 27 | 210 | 267 | 393 | 438 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lixmn | 15 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| manganate | 13 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 1 |
| inpit | 11 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 29 | 169 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| claim | 16 | 15 | 12 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 26 | 30 | 45 | 47 | 53 | 58 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 |
| computed | 12 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 2 |
| revolution | 11 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 18 | 12 | 3 | 1 |
| emf | 9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| ringer | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| paddle | 9 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 0 |
| constitution | 16 | 31 | 31 | 34 | 30 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 47 | 158 | 325 | 574 | 480 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 7 |
| dioxolane | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| sim | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| cordless | 9 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 17 | 27 | 16 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| ptext | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| nuclear | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| roof | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 18 | 11 | 5 | 4 |
| nicd | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| stiffener | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| cadmium | 15 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| suspending | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 16 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 1 |
| limiter | 9 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 20 | 5 | 20 | 2 |
| bios | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alternator | 25 | 68 | 36 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 39 | 28 | 33 | 74 | 32 | 57 | 42 | 70 | 61 | 32 | 60 | 50 | 45 | 18 |
| fish | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| limn | 8 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 2 |
| iib | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| vibrator | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| cacu | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| coding | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| voting | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| call | 11 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 |
| nimh | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cassette | 6 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 0 |
| rosemary | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| bussing | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| backweb | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| radiotelephone | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| misch | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| upstanding | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| mouth | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 12 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 0 |
| metalliferous | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| microchip | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| discotic | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cathodic | 8 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 3 |
| cranking | 8 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 3 |
| wettable | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
shrinking_list_abstract_1_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voltage | 735 | 915 | 967 | 874 | 899 | 969 | 812 | 955 | 876 | 850 | 708 | 723 | 612 | 587 | 612 | 599 | 579 | 546 | 517 | 480 |
| battery | 2,541 | 2,428 | 2,298 | 2,541 | 2,354 | 2,395 | 2,434 | 2,550 | 2,432 | 2,377 | 2,344 | 2,534 | 2,345 | 2,379 | 2,246 | 2,177 | 2,264 | 2,171 | 2,223 | 2,343 |
| charge | 401 | 383 | 326 | 339 | 373 | 366 | 287 | 361 | 379 | 435 | 374 | 369 | 360 | 328 | 323 | 283 | 267 | 265 | 213 | 224 |
| circuit | 576 | 493 | 564 | 545 | 581 | 718 | 599 | 610 | 635 | 707 | 511 | 521 | 452 | 473 | 438 | 442 | 437 | 471 | 479 | 416 |
| alloy | 171 | 139 | 123 | 86 | 79 | 86 | 76 | 59 | 31 | 47 | 42 | 37 | 38 | 31 | 33 | 35 | 27 | 21 | 24 | 23 |
| mean | 259 | 204 | 201 | 195 | 218 | 160 | 164 | 189 | 133 | 134 | 152 | 137 | 152 | 121 | 147 | 113 | 104 | 94 | 97 | 117 |
| capacity | 206 | 204 | 204 | 206 | 155 | 185 | 164 | 150 | 169 | 113 | 130 | 157 | 140 | 116 | 120 | 135 | 115 | 103 | 83 | 96 |
| nickel | 167 | 185 | 151 | 125 | 107 | 103 | 116 | 86 | 56 | 69 | 81 | 73 | 64 | 42 | 61 | 60 | 58 | 48 | 57 | 60 |
| discharge | 223 | 210 | 173 | 217 | 170 | 178 | 185 | 191 | 212 | 210 | 157 | 165 | 191 | 172 | 160 | 163 | 145 | 144 | 122 | 117 |
| current | 576 | 592 | 611 | 586 | 572 | 640 | 554 | 614 | 611 | 642 | 524 | 552 | 493 | 501 | 448 | 453 | 476 | 495 | 472 | 477 |
| manganese | 131 | 134 | 74 | 71 | 68 | 49 | 58 | 71 | 42 | 54 | 65 | 57 | 54 | 51 | 48 | 51 | 52 | 35 | 37 | 37 |
| generator | 132 | 166 | 156 | 152 | 133 | 124 | 128 | 140 | 115 | 125 | 87 | 86 | 65 | 51 | 64 | 62 | 53 | 47 | 46 | 39 |
| metal | 314 | 274 | 254 | 228 | 268 | 270 | 201 | 232 | 227 | 204 | 209 | 213 | 222 | 208 | 219 | 217 | 230 | 214 | 206 | 232 |
| hydrogen | 92 | 104 | 66 | 49 | 56 | 51 | 51 | 49 | 31 | 34 | 27 | 23 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 27 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 16 |
| load | 181 | 167 | 212 | 146 | 160 | 181 | 130 | 145 | 161 | 147 | 141 | 150 | 137 | 126 | 133 | 137 | 134 | 133 | 117 | 106 |
| time | 203 | 181 | 185 | 158 | 168 | 186 | 145 | 204 | 164 | 196 | 135 | 162 | 173 | 168 | 151 | 153 | 148 | 184 | 133 | 130 |
| lead | 145 | 161 | 90 | 149 | 145 | 96 | 96 | 68 | 91 | 99 | 69 | 74 | 69 | 76 | 69 | 69 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 72 |
| element | 313 | 236 | 294 | 226 | 237 | 299 | 299 | 259 | 291 | 281 | 249 | 259 | 285 | 245 | 262 | 262 | 250 | 256 | 243 | 240 |
| case | 210 | 194 | 143 | 113 | 92 | 190 | 218 | 136 | 170 | 151 | 141 | 181 | 198 | 201 | 192 | 176 | 170 | 155 | 135 | 143 |
| alkaline | 72 | 74 | 61 | 51 | 37 | 38 | 31 | 26 | 21 | 19 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| portable | 88 | 87 | 87 | 121 | 77 | 114 | 81 | 74 | 83 | 80 | 70 | 71 | 47 | 53 | 47 | 48 | 43 | 37 | 23 | 26 |
| rechargeable | 117 | 107 | 123 | 82 | 107 | 121 | 98 | 118 | 130 | 117 | 117 | 108 | 75 | 63 | 84 | 65 | 83 | 52 | 51 | 55 |
| switch | 210 | 189 | 184 | 168 | 175 | 206 | 163 | 191 | 190 | 204 | 176 | 163 | 177 | 168 | 160 | 136 | 156 | 215 | 182 | 149 |
| pulse | 71 | 42 | 49 | 48 | 53 | 42 | 25 | 37 | 31 | 40 | 25 | 25 | 21 | 21 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 14 | 19 | 11 |
| oxide | 170 | 215 | 161 | 144 | 140 | 121 | 126 | 143 | 124 | 132 | 132 | 112 | 118 | 119 | 119 | 126 | 124 | 107 | 107 | 111 |
| predetermined | 117 | 129 | 116 | 86 | 94 | 119 | 94 | 136 | 106 | 95 | 82 | 87 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 86 | 80 | 86 | 66 | 64 |
| fiber | 76 | 63 | 54 | 55 | 33 | 33 | 40 | 22 | 49 | 17 | 34 | 27 | 25 | 21 | 32 | 23 | 27 | 24 | 28 | 24 |
| telephone | 50 | 52 | 52 | 38 | 30 | 21 | 22 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| signal | 234 | 212 | 208 | 198 | 231 | 247 | 214 | 231 | 237 | 254 | 265 | 220 | 217 | 233 | 213 | 231 | 235 | 223 | 226 | 184 |
| engine | 76 | 99 | 77 | 71 | 62 | 65 | 53 | 68 | 68 | 70 | 42 | 23 | 26 | 37 | 32 | 36 | 29 | 25 | 30 | 27 |
| characteristic | 110 | 96 | 108 | 142 | 118 | 120 | 127 | 95 | 112 | 113 | 81 | 84 | 80 | 79 | 91 | 87 | 87 | 69 | 63 | 62 |
| detected | 80 | 70 | 87 | 60 | 59 | 53 | 54 | 63 | 69 | 68 | 55 | 55 | 45 | 49 | 47 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 30 | 33 |
| cobalt | 92 | 109 | 69 | 90 | 85 | 54 | 71 | 54 | 48 | 58 | 43 | 45 | 48 | 37 | 42 | 39 | 47 | 30 | 38 | 46 |
| level | 101 | 119 | 82 | 95 | 97 | 91 | 91 | 98 | 76 | 72 | 60 | 66 | 57 | 52 | 53 | 62 | 74 | 61 | 53 | 55 |
| transistor | 61 | 47 | 57 | 32 | 38 | 52 | 35 | 54 | 32 | 46 | 20 | 22 | 23 | 18 | 20 | 16 | 23 | 19 | 22 | 15 |
| polymer | 146 | 150 | 150 | 164 | 105 | 113 | 93 | 82 | 62 | 64 | 68 | 79 | 82 | 79 | 89 | 81 | 89 | 80 | 88 | 101 |
| large | 65 | 44 | 42 | 53 | 43 | 33 | 47 | 30 | 39 | 23 | 24 | 28 | 26 | 21 | 21 | 25 | 21 | 20 | 16 | 20 |
| obtained | 84 | 60 | 67 | 70 | 61 | 70 | 54 | 58 | 50 | 47 | 53 | 56 | 51 | 49 | 47 | 46 | 49 | 47 | 38 | 40 |
| charger | 119 | 124 | 99 | 179 | 134 | 141 | 117 | 132 | 125 | 130 | 128 | 129 | 105 | 109 | 95 | 89 | 89 | 78 | 79 | 75 |
| container | 73 | 51 | 44 | 38 | 44 | 46 | 32 | 28 | 21 | 28 | 23 | 39 | 43 | 37 | 40 | 29 | 29 | 36 | 21 | 30 |
| compound | 127 | 155 | 162 | 132 | 182 | 110 | 103 | 103 | 102 | 94 | 107 | 107 | 118 | 110 | 104 | 112 | 111 | 82 | 83 | 84 |
| absorbing | 50 | 40 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 17 | 13 | 27 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| electronic | 163 | 93 | 112 | 139 | 163 | 174 | 147 | 165 | 165 | 179 | 164 | 143 | 118 | 127 | 174 | 177 | 184 | 144 | 131 | 121 |
| powder | 73 | 58 | 63 | 49 | 78 | 66 | 66 | 58 | 50 | 40 | 47 | 43 | 47 | 30 | 44 | 41 | 31 | 29 | 29 | 31 |
| charged | 99 | 119 | 127 | 102 | 98 | 98 | 65 | 88 | 105 | 97 | 92 | 86 | 73 | 72 | 72 | 59 | 56 | 63 | 55 | 58 |
| remaining | 59 | 56 | 54 | 31 | 59 | 59 | 28 | 40 | 35 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 29 | 22 | 15 | 21 | 20 | 23 | 18 | 18 |
| terminal | 358 | 393 | 391 | 365 | 385 | 413 | 420 | 365 | 345 | 345 | 364 | 378 | 362 | 407 | 356 | 347 | 369 | 374 | 342 | 316 |
| output | 247 | 230 | 282 | 282 | 282 | 330 | 319 | 305 | 300 | 284 | 277 | 289 | 249 | 251 | 222 | 250 | 260 | 255 | 239 | 206 |
| group | 211 | 180 | 149 | 160 | 128 | 156 | 189 | 153 | 115 | 142 | 151 | 125 | 171 | 168 | 162 | 162 | 152 | 152 | 148 | 171 |
| section | 136 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 121 | 70 | 99 | 71 | 115 | 108 | 110 | 127 | 124 | 141 | 117 | 92 | 72 | 81 | 86 | 96 |
highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery | 2,477 | 2,826 | 2,601 | 3,026 | 3,032 | 3,750 | 4,759 | 5,474 | 6,031 | 6,676 | 7,915 | 13,057 | 15,844 | 17,753 | 17,823 | 16,834 | 17,728 | 18,320 | 21,510 | 25,812 |
| power | 810 | 999 | 1,200 | 1,325 | 1,450 | 1,767 | 2,195 | 2,515 | 3,097 | 3,628 | 4,901 | 7,840 | 10,040 | 11,933 | 13,007 | 12,092 | 11,679 | 13,535 | 13,223 | 13,695 |
| electrode | 773 | 921 | 717 | 863 | 1,131 | 1,368 | 2,091 | 1,878 | 2,047 | 2,397 | 2,814 | 5,462 | 7,003 | 7,767 | 8,036 | 8,124 | 8,021 | 8,189 | 10,463 | 12,357 |
| device | 506 | 608 | 614 | 790 | 860 | 1,058 | 1,341 | 1,468 | 2,046 | 2,342 | 3,302 | 4,205 | 5,932 | 6,942 | 7,243 | 6,730 | 7,070 | 7,787 | 8,638 | 9,911 |
| charging | 545 | 636 | 697 | 728 | 792 | 850 | 1,051 | 1,060 | 1,552 | 1,863 | 2,395 | 3,350 | 4,760 | 5,798 | 5,387 | 5,038 | 5,671 | 6,737 | 7,086 | 8,942 |
| unit | 223 | 362 | 365 | 389 | 428 | 633 | 923 | 1,023 | 1,041 | 1,411 | 2,059 | 3,459 | 4,870 | 5,650 | 4,998 | 5,151 | 4,860 | 5,408 | 6,044 | 6,487 |
| cell | 523 | 661 | 508 | 544 | 528 | 575 | 1,018 | 1,016 | 1,187 | 1,441 | 1,932 | 2,990 | 4,494 | 5,020 | 4,762 | 4,239 | 4,350 | 4,105 | 5,027 | 5,841 |
| material | 598 | 586 | 726 | 695 | 686 | 940 | 1,205 | 1,335 | 1,443 | 1,564 | 2,015 | 3,198 | 4,483 | 4,828 | 5,268 | 5,247 | 4,683 | 5,034 | 5,637 | 7,030 |
| vehicle | 134 | 207 | 225 | 201 | 257 | 284 | 335 | 466 | 586 | 787 | 1,330 | 1,857 | 2,633 | 2,995 | 2,749 | 2,432 | 2,217 | 2,855 | 3,629 | 5,226 |
| lithium | 444 | 545 | 495 | 518 | 633 | 675 | 897 | 892 | 1,027 | 1,195 | 1,510 | 2,491 | 3,277 | 3,173 | 3,447 | 3,776 | 3,948 | 3,541 | 4,276 | 5,666 |
| layer | 250 | 296 | 335 | 338 | 347 | 573 | 667 | 830 | 866 | 968 | 1,078 | 1,846 | 2,497 | 2,939 | 3,033 | 2,918 | 3,283 | 3,470 | 4,821 | 6,159 |
| control | 356 | 457 | 374 | 422 | 530 | 668 | 719 | 1,015 | 1,037 | 1,425 | 1,594 | 2,549 | 3,419 | 4,093 | 3,757 | 3,605 | 3,734 | 4,506 | 4,822 | 5,162 |
| electric | 229 | 317 | 286 | 326 | 323 | 491 | 529 | 564 | 891 | 1,021 | 1,403 | 2,279 | 3,023 | 3,375 | 2,863 | 2,619 | 2,271 | 2,708 | 3,185 | 3,746 |
| storage | 222 | 270 | 287 | 364 | 288 | 392 | 444 | 588 | 891 | 866 | 1,373 | 2,119 | 3,023 | 3,373 | 3,553 | 3,177 | 3,622 | 3,981 | 3,869 | 4,571 |
| part | 159 | 202 | 295 | 375 | 347 | 565 | 755 | 704 | 790 | 908 | 1,204 | 1,931 | 3,165 | 3,236 | 3,265 | 2,653 | 2,423 | 2,553 | 3,727 | 3,752 |
| voltage | 717 | 1,065 | 1,095 | 1,041 | 1,158 | 1,517 | 1,587 | 2,051 | 2,172 | 2,388 | 2,391 | 3,725 | 4,133 | 4,381 | 4,859 | 4,633 | 4,536 | 4,603 | 5,003 | 5,286 |
| current | 562 | 689 | 692 | 698 | 737 | 1,002 | 1,083 | 1,318 | 1,515 | 1,802 | 1,769 | 2,843 | 3,330 | 3,741 | 3,557 | 3,500 | 3,724 | 4,180 | 4,570 | 5,250 |
| system | 234 | 357 | 334 | 452 | 377 | 469 | 635 | 778 | 1,010 | 1,248 | 1,500 | 2,505 | 3,041 | 3,456 | 3,526 | 3,466 | 3,641 | 4,076 | 4,605 | 5,087 |
| module | 109 | 169 | 133 | 170 | 148 | 190 | 404 | 456 | 572 | 789 | 1,124 | 1,706 | 2,418 | 2,768 | 2,950 | 2,781 | 3,049 | 3,417 | 4,216 | 4,770 |
| connected | 331 | 375 | 383 | 434 | 395 | 640 | 666 | 708 | 956 | 1,208 | 1,450 | 2,245 | 2,899 | 3,314 | 3,275 | 3,021 | 3,218 | 3,613 | 4,251 | 4,761 |
| secondary | 318 | 405 | 376 | 469 | 475 | 701 | 919 | 963 | 1,049 | 1,159 | 1,382 | 2,506 | 3,146 | 3,343 | 3,396 | 3,432 | 3,512 | 3,113 | 3,588 | 4,374 |
| circuit | 562 | 574 | 639 | 649 | 748 | 1,125 | 1,172 | 1,310 | 1,576 | 1,986 | 1,724 | 2,682 | 3,055 | 3,531 | 3,479 | 3,420 | 3,423 | 3,971 | 4,631 | 4,583 |
| energy | 144 | 210 | 255 | 350 | 337 | 410 | 415 | 697 | 882 | 1,076 | 1,598 | 2,230 | 2,722 | 2,964 | 2,991 | 2,720 | 2,898 | 3,459 | 3,745 | 4,302 |
| supply | 272 | 332 | 456 | 384 | 495 | 696 | 767 | 847 | 946 | 1,021 | 1,382 | 2,227 | 2,664 | 3,045 | 3,169 | 2,789 | 2,691 | 2,975 | 3,419 | 3,631 |
| active | 269 | 298 | 334 | 318 | 382 | 456 | 665 | 755 | 838 | 848 | 1,059 | 1,820 | 2,528 | 2,677 | 2,819 | 2,802 | 2,442 | 2,673 | 2,902 | 3,770 |
| electrolyte | 223 | 364 | 303 | 290 | 351 | 404 | 533 | 560 | 655 | 496 | 607 | 1,202 | 1,734 | 1,946 | 2,261 | 2,199 | 2,381 | 2,222 | 2,988 | 3,596 |
| plate | 244 | 400 | 234 | 283 | 288 | 420 | 616 | 503 | 536 | 555 | 745 | 1,535 | 2,077 | 2,007 | 1,957 | 2,067 | 2,100 | 2,095 | 2,981 | 3,654 |
| surface | 288 | 286 | 277 | 303 | 328 | 463 | 566 | 605 | 826 | 823 | 936 | 1,546 | 2,075 | 2,151 | 2,576 | 2,548 | 2,843 | 2,903 | 3,634 | 4,318 |
| terminal | 349 | 458 | 443 | 435 | 496 | 647 | 822 | 784 | 856 | 968 | 1,230 | 1,947 | 2,443 | 3,037 | 2,822 | 2,687 | 2,886 | 3,153 | 3,310 | 3,484 |
| portion | 232 | 285 | 157 | 192 | 220 | 286 | 519 | 356 | 599 | 637 | 763 | 1,358 | 1,639 | 1,892 | 1,849 | 1,791 | 2,336 | 2,843 | 3,306 | 3,387 |
| plurality | 157 | 237 | 148 | 206 | 177 | 319 | 387 | 427 | 597 | 643 | 763 | 1,505 | 1,920 | 2,164 | 2,123 | 2,132 | 2,302 | 2,510 | 3,382 | 3,727 |
| present | 179 | 190 | 170 | 160 | 161 | 281 | 268 | 350 | 395 | 403 | 534 | 844 | 1,297 | 1,541 | 2,501 | 2,564 | 2,899 | 3,174 | 3,626 | 3,968 |
| side | 176 | 254 | 179 | 191 | 177 | 348 | 447 | 457 | 620 | 595 | 818 | 1,323 | 1,833 | 2,065 | 2,182 | 2,089 | 1,991 | 2,397 | 2,736 | 3,361 |
| charge | 391 | 446 | 369 | 404 | 480 | 573 | 562 | 776 | 940 | 1,221 | 1,262 | 1,899 | 2,434 | 2,448 | 2,562 | 2,188 | 2,092 | 2,234 | 2,065 | 2,467 |
| solution | 205 | 295 | 398 | 419 | 416 | 573 | 661 | 683 | 750 | 927 | 888 | 1,512 | 1,961 | 2,302 | 2,213 | 2,040 | 1,997 | 1,666 | 1,912 | 2,304 |
| body | 148 | 180 | 161 | 283 | 196 | 281 | 331 | 398 | 486 | 549 | 850 | 1,164 | 1,395 | 1,608 | 1,650 | 1,464 | 1,734 | 1,858 | 2,487 | 2,882 |
| pack | 161 | 199 | 117 | 237 | 235 | 291 | 419 | 535 | 501 | 601 | 625 | 1,034 | 1,409 | 1,442 | 1,396 | 1,182 | 1,436 | 1,605 | 1,766 | 2,440 |
| element | 305 | 275 | 333 | 269 | 305 | 468 | 584 | 556 | 721 | 788 | 839 | 1,333 | 1,928 | 1,831 | 2,081 | 2,025 | 1,957 | 2,162 | 2,350 | 2,646 |
| temperature | 261 | 308 | 232 | 242 | 200 | 316 | 488 | 552 | 604 | 730 | 769 | 1,058 | 1,349 | 1,518 | 1,490 | 1,481 | 1,720 | 1,613 | 2,071 | 2,730 |
| state | 174 | 216 | 240 | 231 | 290 | 299 | 411 | 469 | 577 | 645 | 770 | 1,069 | 1,495 | 1,915 | 1,892 | 1,851 | 1,821 | 1,898 | 2,354 | 2,817 |
| configured | 23 | 25 | 22 | 45 | 65 | 74 | 135 | 147 | 239 | 376 | 555 | 754 | 1,020 | 1,384 | 1,622 | 1,830 | 1,950 | 2,422 | 2,701 | 2,861 |
| wireless | 8 | 17 | 32 | 38 | 39 | 87 | 56 | 67 | 105 | 204 | 333 | 393 | 804 | 1,272 | 1,734 | 1,678 | 1,929 | 2,212 | 1,848 | 1,879 |
| heat | 62 | 73 | 82 | 82 | 112 | 132 | 196 | 226 | 273 | 289 | 429 | 687 | 909 | 1,143 | 964 | 1,039 | 1,073 | 1,178 | 1,594 | 2,356 |
| electrical | 174 | 193 | 270 | 274 | 298 | 374 | 417 | 526 | 613 | 744 | 915 | 1,320 | 1,844 | 1,797 | 1,779 | 1,734 | 1,998 | 2,005 | 2,409 | 2,605 |
| value | 232 | 270 | 243 | 203 | 295 | 342 | 404 | 570 | 638 | 728 | 752 | 1,196 | 1,455 | 1,603 | 1,872 | 2,015 | 1,753 | 1,806 | 1,808 | 2,225 |
| connection | 116 | 129 | 169 | 161 | 142 | 235 | 276 | 295 | 397 | 462 | 510 | 894 | 1,260 | 1,295 | 1,427 | 1,250 | 1,324 | 1,562 | 1,988 | 2,257 |
| metal | 306 | 319 | 287 | 271 | 345 | 423 | 392 | 499 | 564 | 572 | 706 | 1,096 | 1,503 | 1,554 | 1,736 | 1,678 | 1,798 | 1,805 | 1,991 | 2,556 |
| direction | 58 | 80 | 53 | 88 | 93 | 140 | 228 | 206 | 300 | 286 | 311 | 592 | 956 | 1,038 | 1,173 | 1,024 | 1,192 | 1,325 | 1,658 | 2,150 |
| collector | 106 | 101 | 89 | 116 | 124 | 218 | 218 | 319 | 374 | 459 | 440 | 807 | 1,060 | 1,167 | 1,012 | 818 | 903 | 943 | 1,549 | 1,840 |
| housing | 149 | 141 | 118 | 125 | 166 | 273 | 342 | 388 | 410 | 473 | 474 | 784 | 928 | 1,292 | 1,352 | 1,212 | 1,356 | 1,557 | 2,115 | 2,303 |
highest_abs_change_list_abstract_1_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery | 2,541 | 2,428 | 2,298 | 2,541 | 2,354 | 2,395 | 2,434 | 2,550 | 2,432 | 2,377 | 2,344 | 2,534 | 2,345 | 2,379 | 2,246 | 2,177 | 2,264 | 2,171 | 2,223 | 2,343 |
| power | 831 | 858 | 1,060 | 1,113 | 1,126 | 1,128 | 1,123 | 1,171 | 1,249 | 1,292 | 1,452 | 1,522 | 1,486 | 1,599 | 1,639 | 1,564 | 1,492 | 1,604 | 1,366 | 1,243 |
| electrode | 793 | 791 | 633 | 725 | 878 | 874 | 1,070 | 875 | 825 | 854 | 834 | 1,060 | 1,036 | 1,041 | 1,013 | 1,051 | 1,024 | 970 | 1,081 | 1,122 |
| voltage | 735 | 915 | 967 | 874 | 899 | 969 | 812 | 955 | 876 | 850 | 708 | 723 | 612 | 587 | 612 | 599 | 579 | 546 | 517 | 480 |
| charging | 559 | 546 | 616 | 611 | 615 | 543 | 538 | 494 | 626 | 663 | 709 | 650 | 704 | 777 | 679 | 651 | 724 | 798 | 732 | 812 |
| circuit | 576 | 493 | 564 | 545 | 581 | 718 | 599 | 610 | 635 | 707 | 511 | 521 | 452 | 473 | 438 | 442 | 437 | 471 | 479 | 416 |
| unit | 229 | 311 | 322 | 327 | 332 | 404 | 472 | 476 | 420 | 502 | 610 | 671 | 721 | 757 | 630 | 666 | 621 | 641 | 625 | 589 |
| cell | 536 | 568 | 449 | 457 | 410 | 367 | 521 | 473 | 479 | 513 | 572 | 580 | 665 | 673 | 600 | 548 | 556 | 486 | 519 | 530 |
| device | 519 | 522 | 542 | 663 | 668 | 676 | 686 | 684 | 825 | 834 | 978 | 816 | 878 | 930 | 913 | 870 | 903 | 923 | 893 | 900 |
| part | 163 | 174 | 261 | 315 | 269 | 361 | 386 | 328 | 319 | 323 | 357 | 375 | 468 | 434 | 411 | 343 | 309 | 303 | 385 | 341 |
| control | 365 | 393 | 330 | 354 | 411 | 427 | 368 | 473 | 418 | 507 | 472 | 495 | 506 | 548 | 473 | 466 | 477 | 534 | 498 | 469 |
| material | 613 | 503 | 641 | 584 | 533 | 600 | 616 | 622 | 582 | 557 | 597 | 621 | 663 | 647 | 664 | 679 | 598 | 597 | 583 | 638 |
| plate | 250 | 344 | 207 | 238 | 224 | 268 | 315 | 234 | 216 | 198 | 221 | 298 | 307 | 269 | 247 | 267 | 268 | 248 | 308 | 332 |
| vehicle | 137 | 178 | 199 | 169 | 200 | 181 | 171 | 217 | 236 | 280 | 394 | 360 | 390 | 401 | 346 | 314 | 283 | 338 | 375 | 474 |
| storage | 228 | 232 | 254 | 306 | 224 | 250 | 227 | 274 | 359 | 308 | 407 | 411 | 447 | 452 | 448 | 411 | 463 | 472 | 400 | 415 |
| energy | 148 | 180 | 225 | 294 | 262 | 262 | 212 | 325 | 356 | 383 | 473 | 433 | 403 | 397 | 377 | 352 | 370 | 410 | 387 | 391 |
| portion | 238 | 245 | 139 | 161 | 171 | 183 | 265 | 166 | 242 | 227 | 226 | 264 | 243 | 254 | 233 | 232 | 298 | 337 | 342 | 307 |
| current | 576 | 592 | 611 | 586 | 572 | 640 | 554 | 614 | 611 | 642 | 524 | 552 | 493 | 501 | 448 | 453 | 476 | 495 | 472 | 477 |
| supply | 279 | 285 | 403 | 322 | 384 | 444 | 392 | 395 | 381 | 364 | 409 | 432 | 394 | 408 | 399 | 361 | 344 | 353 | 353 | 330 |
| lithium | 455 | 468 | 437 | 435 | 491 | 431 | 459 | 415 | 414 | 426 | 447 | 484 | 485 | 425 | 434 | 488 | 504 | 420 | 442 | 514 |
| electric | 235 | 272 | 253 | 274 | 251 | 314 | 271 | 263 | 359 | 364 | 416 | 442 | 447 | 452 | 361 | 339 | 290 | 321 | 329 | 340 |
| layer | 256 | 254 | 296 | 284 | 269 | 366 | 341 | 387 | 349 | 345 | 319 | 358 | 370 | 394 | 382 | 377 | 419 | 411 | 498 | 559 |
| charge | 401 | 383 | 326 | 339 | 373 | 366 | 287 | 361 | 379 | 435 | 374 | 369 | 360 | 328 | 323 | 283 | 267 | 265 | 213 | 224 |
| system | 240 | 307 | 295 | 380 | 293 | 299 | 325 | 362 | 407 | 444 | 444 | 486 | 450 | 463 | 444 | 448 | 465 | 483 | 476 | 462 |
| secondary | 326 | 348 | 332 | 394 | 369 | 448 | 470 | 449 | 423 | 413 | 409 | 486 | 466 | 448 | 428 | 444 | 449 | 369 | 371 | 397 |
| electrolyte | 229 | 313 | 268 | 243 | 273 | 258 | 273 | 261 | 264 | 177 | 180 | 233 | 257 | 261 | 285 | 284 | 304 | 263 | 309 | 326 |
| solution | 210 | 253 | 352 | 352 | 323 | 366 | 338 | 318 | 302 | 330 | 263 | 293 | 290 | 308 | 279 | 264 | 255 | 197 | 198 | 209 |
| connected | 339 | 322 | 338 | 364 | 307 | 409 | 341 | 330 | 385 | 430 | 430 | 436 | 429 | 444 | 413 | 391 | 411 | 428 | 439 | 432 |
| copyright | 17 | 13 | 24 | 176 | 207 | 251 | 224 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| jpo | 17 | 13 | 24 | 176 | 207 | 251 | 224 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| case | 210 | 194 | 143 | 113 | 92 | 190 | 218 | 136 | 170 | 151 | 141 | 181 | 198 | 201 | 192 | 176 | 170 | 155 | 135 | 143 |
| capacitor | 98 | 149 | 165 | 144 | 155 | 216 | 133 | 189 | 114 | 142 | 116 | 94 | 94 | 96 | 76 | 80 | 76 | 89 | 66 | 64 |
| plurality | 161 | 204 | 131 | 173 | 137 | 204 | 198 | 199 | 241 | 229 | 226 | 292 | 284 | 290 | 268 | 276 | 294 | 297 | 349 | 338 |
| element | 313 | 236 | 294 | 226 | 237 | 299 | 299 | 259 | 291 | 281 | 249 | 259 | 285 | 245 | 262 | 262 | 250 | 256 | 243 | 240 |
| pack | 165 | 171 | 103 | 199 | 182 | 186 | 214 | 249 | 202 | 214 | 185 | 201 | 209 | 193 | 176 | 153 | 183 | 190 | 182 | 221 |
| particle | 167 | 138 | 173 | 118 | 176 | 175 | 166 | 227 | 174 | 162 | 182 | 138 | 159 | 166 | 158 | 191 | 201 | 187 | 192 | 203 |
| cover | 81 | 114 | 84 | 100 | 99 | 73 | 123 | 109 | 100 | 136 | 213 | 122 | 119 | 107 | 106 | 89 | 97 | 111 | 134 | 118 |
| body | 152 | 155 | 142 | 238 | 152 | 179 | 169 | 185 | 196 | 196 | 252 | 226 | 206 | 215 | 208 | 189 | 221 | 220 | 257 | 262 |
| time | 203 | 181 | 185 | 158 | 168 | 186 | 145 | 204 | 164 | 196 | 135 | 162 | 173 | 168 | 151 | 153 | 148 | 184 | 133 | 130 |
| module | 112 | 145 | 117 | 143 | 115 | 121 | 207 | 212 | 231 | 281 | 333 | 331 | 358 | 371 | 372 | 360 | 389 | 405 | 436 | 433 |
| ncipi | 5 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 120 | 232 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| member | 99 | 145 | 126 | 132 | 149 | 140 | 161 | 116 | 158 | 222 | 190 | 139 | 180 | 183 | 166 | 156 | 170 | 186 | 186 | 179 |
| coil | 42 | 42 | 41 | 60 | 48 | 70 | 37 | 57 | 77 | 107 | 148 | 115 | 149 | 215 | 204 | 227 | 225 | 214 | 177 | 137 |
| wireless | 8 | 15 | 28 | 32 | 30 | 56 | 29 | 31 | 42 | 73 | 99 | 76 | 119 | 170 | 218 | 217 | 246 | 262 | 191 | 171 |
| present | 184 | 163 | 150 | 134 | 125 | 179 | 137 | 163 | 159 | 144 | 158 | 164 | 192 | 206 | 315 | 332 | 370 | 376 | 375 | 360 |
| aqueous | 102 | 125 | 135 | 106 | 153 | 135 | 169 | 145 | 180 | 119 | 102 | 128 | 160 | 143 | 152 | 143 | 148 | 106 | 104 | 114 |
| side | 181 | 218 | 158 | 160 | 137 | 222 | 229 | 213 | 250 | 212 | 242 | 257 | 271 | 277 | 275 | 270 | 254 | 284 | 283 | 305 |
| active | 276 | 256 | 295 | 267 | 297 | 291 | 340 | 352 | 338 | 302 | 314 | 353 | 374 | 359 | 355 | 362 | 312 | 317 | 300 | 342 |
| temperature | 268 | 265 | 205 | 203 | 155 | 202 | 250 | 257 | 244 | 260 | 228 | 205 | 200 | 203 | 188 | 192 | 220 | 191 | 214 | 248 |
| inpit | 11 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 19 | 86 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
growing_list_abstract_2, shrinking_list_abstract_2, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2, growing_list_abstract_2_scaled, shrinking_list_abstract_2_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2_scaled = growing_keywords(
2,
'appln_abstract'
)
N-grams created N-grams counted Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created
growing_list_abstract_2[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| secondary battery | 229 | 281 | 282 | 350 | 384 | 595 | 776 | 833 | 858 | 946 | 1,135 | 2,154 | 2,652 | 2,790 | 2,842 | 2,861 | 2,794 | 2,592 | 3,001 | 3,722 |
| active material | 236 | 249 | 267 | 279 | 286 | 366 | 584 | 641 | 713 | 764 | 911 | 1,651 | 2,234 | 2,408 | 2,422 | 2,430 | 2,132 | 2,331 | 2,554 | 3,334 |
| battery cell | 80 | 77 | 45 | 67 | 102 | 112 | 182 | 260 | 249 | 329 | 574 | 1,116 | 1,452 | 2,007 | 1,890 | 1,818 | 1,784 | 1,729 | 2,111 | 2,851 |
| power supply | 163 | 201 | 292 | 247 | 310 | 503 | 546 | 577 | 709 | 673 | 987 | 1,483 | 1,817 | 2,078 | 2,287 | 1,984 | 1,885 | 2,137 | 2,430 | 2,611 |
| battery pack | 149 | 173 | 109 | 210 | 225 | 251 | 383 | 467 | 459 | 558 | 567 | 951 | 1,263 | 1,312 | 1,290 | 1,067 | 1,337 | 1,496 | 1,638 | 2,255 |
| electrode active | 91 | 86 | 84 | 122 | 157 | 175 | 248 | 284 | 296 | 372 | 448 | 1,020 | 1,312 | 1,341 | 1,415 | 1,446 | 1,347 | 1,352 | 1,471 | 2,102 |
| battery module | 27 | 52 | 38 | 37 | 27 | 30 | 188 | 132 | 177 | 201 | 287 | 528 | 816 | 1,034 | 1,065 | 842 | 1,001 | 1,140 | 1,567 | 1,814 |
| energy storage | 28 | 61 | 61 | 65 | 66 | 72 | 105 | 171 | 292 | 274 | 389 | 615 | 737 | 947 | 921 | 847 | 1,012 | 1,360 | 1,463 | 1,653 |
| current collector | 61 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 70 | 126 | 124 | 213 | 238 | 293 | 314 | 544 | 638 | 702 | 655 | 541 | 646 | 717 | 1,158 | 1,477 |
| lithium ion | 85 | 98 | 111 | 114 | 105 | 172 | 183 | 222 | 288 | 327 | 484 | 813 | 1,174 | 1,109 | 1,207 | 1,321 | 1,347 | 1,209 | 1,347 | 1,423 |
| storage device | 48 | 53 | 47 | 68 | 63 | 60 | 70 | 131 | 270 | 224 | 461 | 564 | 815 | 949 | 1,024 | 826 | 866 | 1,261 | 1,054 | 1,357 |
| material layer | 18 | 14 | 39 | 39 | 43 | 102 | 124 | 156 | 151 | 204 | 196 | 400 | 463 | 638 | 584 | 488 | 396 | 587 | 741 | 1,058 |
| power storage | 17 | 13 | 24 | 30 | 9 | 21 | 15 | 90 | 176 | 107 | 297 | 287 | 724 | 686 | 860 | 717 | 866 | 1,083 | 851 | 994 |
| electric vehicle | 27 | 20 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 26 | 20 | 62 | 93 | 277 | 415 | 656 | 778 | 495 | 493 | 408 | 639 | 551 | 955 |
| battery electrode | 66 | 63 | 51 | 71 | 101 | 117 | 170 | 186 | 176 | 201 | 240 | 462 | 626 | 641 | 616 | 671 | 704 | 745 | 750 | 959 |
| electrically connected | 29 | 30 | 20 | 27 | 49 | 89 | 81 | 110 | 142 | 187 | 233 | 318 | 485 | 589 | 564 | 569 | 595 | 662 | 879 | 917 |
| control unit | 43 | 44 | 38 | 53 | 54 | 82 | 94 | 115 | 115 | 206 | 254 | 395 | 641 | 847 | 626 | 661 | 639 | 690 | 768 | 913 |
| solid electrolyte | 13 | 31 | 15 | 7 | 18 | 12 | 23 | 12 | 33 | 26 | 56 | 150 | 141 | 249 | 207 | 236 | 306 | 419 | 574 | 843 |
| lithium secondary | 57 | 119 | 82 | 75 | 124 | 134 | 204 | 145 | 135 | 185 | 227 | 348 | 465 | 500 | 496 | 428 | 508 | 382 | 548 | 845 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 60 | 98 | 78 | 80 | 133 | 156 | 242 | 237 | 309 | 230 | 234 | 463 | 668 | 668 | 795 | 727 | 740 | 549 | 646 | 827 |
| ion battery | 16 | 26 | 41 | 31 | 17 | 49 | 58 | 83 | 99 | 121 | 201 | 331 | 482 | 442 | 476 | 556 | 667 | 633 | 775 | 752 |
| electrode plate | 60 | 127 | 43 | 59 | 107 | 112 | 186 | 128 | 128 | 149 | 152 | 454 | 472 | 437 | 391 | 347 | 454 | 452 | 592 | 749 |
| electrode assembly | 27 | 13 | 1 | 20 | 25 | 83 | 175 | 170 | 139 | 180 | 129 | 527 | 569 | 618 | 592 | 730 | 747 | 722 | 833 | 714 |
| electronic device | 50 | 43 | 37 | 78 | 79 | 104 | 146 | 152 | 202 | 246 | 347 | 421 | 445 | 454 | 592 | 640 | 766 | 718 | 730 | 730 |
| plurality battery | 16 | 39 | 10 | 25 | 27 | 50 | 42 | 66 | 63 | 83 | 90 | 329 | 356 | 451 | 411 | 382 | 419 | 430 | 568 | 693 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 19 | 61 | 116 | 154 | 387 | 584 | 826 | 832 | 899 | 949 | 751 | 646 |
| power source | 108 | 123 | 108 | 138 | 206 | 173 | 250 | 267 | 279 | 346 | 329 | 458 | 539 | 685 | 627 | 725 | 605 | 729 | 711 | 743 |
| electric power | 61 | 93 | 74 | 100 | 77 | 130 | 112 | 127 | 306 | 291 | 318 | 680 | 847 | 828 | 673 | 754 | 546 | 632 | 679 | 696 |
| charging device | 25 | 15 | 43 | 30 | 31 | 31 | 54 | 55 | 95 | 89 | 167 | 189 | 347 | 401 | 406 | 375 | 427 | 439 | 510 | 623 |
| wireless charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 51 | 65 | 141 | 262 | 346 | 341 | 544 | 725 | 547 | 590 |
| storage battery | 63 | 77 | 67 | 115 | 84 | 127 | 133 | 137 | 112 | 148 | 173 | 383 | 583 | 688 | 656 | 656 | 818 | 619 | 554 | 635 |
| control device | 24 | 27 | 18 | 32 | 34 | 31 | 51 | 80 | 99 | 85 | 132 | 224 | 335 | 397 | 399 | 452 | 387 | 385 | 487 | 582 |
| electrode material | 59 | 58 | 52 | 71 | 92 | 106 | 100 | 93 | 98 | 121 | 172 | 280 | 385 | 353 | 430 | 534 | 421 | 382 | 441 | 613 |
| electrode current | 7 | 8 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 23 | 29 | 50 | 58 | 107 | 97 | 148 | 209 | 178 | 164 | 192 | 231 | 237 | 433 | 558 |
| bus bar | 0 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 24 | 15 | 12 | 42 | 46 | 99 | 185 | 261 | 356 | 244 | 238 | 305 | 542 | 548 |
| charging station | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 22 | 44 | 128 | 138 | 211 | 268 | 159 | 197 | 267 | 281 | 284 | 541 |
| present disclosure | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 31 | 29 | 23 | 78 | 144 | 236 | 273 | 391 | 444 | 517 |
| power transmission | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 60 | 162 | 154 | 162 | 413 | 597 | 708 | 767 | 612 | 722 | 614 | 504 |
| electrical energy | 11 | 23 | 33 | 46 | 48 | 53 | 43 | 97 | 98 | 123 | 209 | 210 | 359 | 366 | 319 | 292 | 357 | 357 | 429 | 513 |
| layer electrode | 4 | 6 | 15 | 11 | 14 | 22 | 34 | 46 | 58 | 83 | 72 | 161 | 206 | 240 | 247 | 251 | 258 | 267 | 404 | 503 |
| motor vehicle | 22 | 14 | 20 | 18 | 43 | 22 | 39 | 60 | 39 | 49 | 89 | 160 | 241 | 233 | 202 | 136 | 184 | 153 | 271 | 507 |
| lithium metal | 11 | 14 | 20 | 31 | 25 | 29 | 23 | 39 | 36 | 26 | 19 | 50 | 90 | 103 | 107 | 99 | 203 | 161 | 288 | 485 |
| electrode terminal | 12 | 15 | 23 | 28 | 34 | 30 | 97 | 88 | 74 | 117 | 182 | 219 | 346 | 394 | 375 | 326 | 341 | 425 | 432 | 485 |
| vehicle battery | 11 | 16 | 18 | 19 | 46 | 37 | 30 | 37 | 57 | 79 | 109 | 159 | 206 | 210 | 223 | 178 | 159 | 212 | 281 | 483 |
| embodiment present | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 21 | 10 | 22 | 47 | 49 | 101 | 258 | 299 | 399 | 350 | 481 | 439 |
| solid state | 3 | 4 | 0 | 17 | 5 | 7 | 17 | 13 | 24 | 12 | 20 | 45 | 59 | 128 | 119 | 95 | 128 | 216 | 285 | 434 |
| material lithium | 32 | 42 | 35 | 50 | 63 | 74 | 59 | 76 | 70 | 127 | 158 | 267 | 376 | 329 | 399 | 407 | 368 | 305 | 289 | 458 |
| voltage battery | 51 | 75 | 71 | 57 | 78 | 68 | 105 | 129 | 115 | 169 | 167 | 247 | 317 | 356 | 314 | 283 | 299 | 334 | 338 | 463 |
| charging discharging | 38 | 75 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 57 | 67 | 100 | 100 | 123 | 160 | 229 | 390 | 451 | 496 | 368 | 362 | 439 | 367 | 436 |
| electrolyte secondary | 26 | 39 | 47 | 48 | 71 | 76 | 113 | 119 | 184 | 137 | 123 | 225 | 315 | 304 | 461 | 442 | 434 | 299 | 271 | 421 |
growing_list_abstract_2_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| battery cell | 82 | 66 | 40 | 56 | 79 | 72 | 93 | 121 | 100 | 117 | 170 | 217 | 215 | 269 | 238 | 235 | 228 | 205 | 218 | 259 |
| battery module | 28 | 45 | 34 | 31 | 21 | 19 | 96 | 61 | 71 | 72 | 85 | 102 | 121 | 139 | 134 | 109 | 128 | 135 | 162 | 165 |
| energy storage | 29 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 51 | 46 | 54 | 80 | 118 | 98 | 115 | 119 | 109 | 127 | 116 | 110 | 129 | 161 | 151 | 150 |
| secondary battery | 235 | 241 | 249 | 294 | 298 | 380 | 397 | 388 | 346 | 337 | 336 | 418 | 392 | 374 | 358 | 370 | 357 | 307 | 310 | 338 |
| electrode active | 93 | 74 | 74 | 102 | 122 | 112 | 127 | 132 | 119 | 132 | 133 | 198 | 194 | 180 | 178 | 187 | 172 | 160 | 152 | 191 |
| material layer | 18 | 12 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 65 | 63 | 73 | 61 | 73 | 58 | 78 | 69 | 85 | 74 | 63 | 51 | 70 | 77 | 96 |
| storage device | 49 | 46 | 42 | 57 | 49 | 38 | 36 | 61 | 109 | 80 | 137 | 109 | 121 | 127 | 129 | 107 | 111 | 149 | 109 | 123 |
| power storage | 17 | 11 | 21 | 25 | 7 | 13 | 8 | 42 | 71 | 38 | 88 | 56 | 107 | 92 | 108 | 93 | 111 | 128 | 88 | 90 |
| current collector | 63 | 46 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 80 | 63 | 99 | 96 | 104 | 93 | 106 | 94 | 94 | 83 | 70 | 83 | 85 | 120 | 134 |
| power supply | 167 | 173 | 258 | 207 | 241 | 321 | 279 | 269 | 286 | 240 | 292 | 288 | 269 | 278 | 288 | 257 | 241 | 253 | 251 | 237 |
| solid electrolyte | 13 | 27 | 13 | 6 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 17 | 29 | 21 | 33 | 26 | 31 | 39 | 50 | 59 | 77 |
| active material | 242 | 214 | 236 | 234 | 222 | 234 | 299 | 299 | 288 | 272 | 270 | 320 | 331 | 323 | 305 | 314 | 272 | 276 | 264 | 303 |
| electric vehicle | 28 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 25 | 33 | 82 | 81 | 97 | 104 | 62 | 64 | 52 | 76 | 57 | 87 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 22 | 34 | 30 | 57 | 78 | 104 | 108 | 115 | 112 | 78 | 59 |
| wireless charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 13 | 21 | 35 | 44 | 44 | 69 | 86 | 57 | 54 |
| electrically connected | 30 | 26 | 18 | 23 | 38 | 57 | 41 | 51 | 57 | 67 | 69 | 62 | 72 | 79 | 71 | 74 | 76 | 78 | 91 | 83 |
| battery pack | 153 | 149 | 96 | 176 | 175 | 160 | 196 | 218 | 185 | 199 | 168 | 185 | 187 | 176 | 163 | 138 | 171 | 177 | 169 | 205 |
| ion battery | 16 | 22 | 36 | 26 | 13 | 31 | 30 | 39 | 40 | 43 | 60 | 64 | 71 | 59 | 60 | 72 | 85 | 75 | 80 | 68 |
| bus bar | 0 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 15 | 14 | 19 | 27 | 35 | 45 | 32 | 30 | 36 | 56 | 50 |
| present disclosure | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 18 | 31 | 35 | 46 | 46 | 47 |
| plurality battery | 16 | 34 | 9 | 21 | 21 | 32 | 21 | 31 | 25 | 30 | 27 | 64 | 53 | 60 | 52 | 49 | 54 | 51 | 59 | 63 |
| charging station | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 38 | 27 | 31 | 36 | 20 | 25 | 34 | 33 | 29 | 49 |
| power transmission | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 24 | 58 | 46 | 31 | 61 | 80 | 89 | 99 | 78 | 86 | 63 | 46 |
| electrode current | 7 | 7 | 14 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 23 | 23 | 38 | 29 | 29 | 31 | 24 | 21 | 25 | 30 | 28 | 45 | 51 |
| lithium ion | 87 | 84 | 98 | 96 | 82 | 110 | 94 | 103 | 116 | 116 | 143 | 158 | 174 | 149 | 152 | 171 | 172 | 143 | 139 | 129 |
| layer electrode | 4 | 5 | 13 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 30 | 21 | 31 | 30 | 32 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 42 | 46 |
| embodiment present | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 33 | 39 | 51 | 41 | 50 | 40 |
| control unit | 44 | 38 | 34 | 45 | 42 | 52 | 48 | 54 | 46 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 95 | 113 | 79 | 85 | 82 | 82 | 79 | 83 |
| electrode assembly | 28 | 11 | 1 | 17 | 19 | 53 | 90 | 79 | 56 | 64 | 38 | 102 | 84 | 83 | 75 | 94 | 95 | 86 | 86 | 65 |
| solid state | 3 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 17 | 15 | 12 | 16 | 26 | 29 | 39 |
| electrical energy | 11 | 20 | 29 | 39 | 37 | 34 | 22 | 45 | 40 | 44 | 62 | 41 | 53 | 49 | 40 | 38 | 46 | 42 | 44 | 47 |
| electrode layer | 1 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 19 | 23 | 8 | 23 | 23 | 27 | 23 | 20 | 15 | 18 | 33 | 35 |
| lithium metal | 11 | 12 | 18 | 26 | 19 | 19 | 12 | 18 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 26 | 19 | 30 | 44 |
| vehicle battery | 11 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 36 | 24 | 15 | 17 | 23 | 28 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 23 | 20 | 25 | 29 | 44 |
| electrode terminal | 12 | 13 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 19 | 50 | 41 | 30 | 42 | 54 | 43 | 51 | 53 | 47 | 42 | 44 | 50 | 45 | 44 |
| unit configured | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 29 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 31 |
| charging device | 26 | 13 | 38 | 25 | 24 | 20 | 28 | 26 | 38 | 32 | 49 | 37 | 51 | 54 | 51 | 48 | 55 | 52 | 53 | 57 |
| storage system | 1 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 25 | 24 | 29 | 31 | 25 | 29 | 28 | 33 | 32 |
| battery management | 1 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 20 | 21 | 12 | 14 | 20 | 26 | 29 | 20 | 31 | 25 | 26 | 29 | 31 |
| storage unit | 7 | 8 | 35 | 17 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 28 | 42 | 38 | 39 | 34 | 38 | 33 | 34 | 32 | 28 | 37 | 39 | 36 |
| state battery | 6 | 13 | 18 | 11 | 18 | 14 | 14 | 21 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 18 | 24 | 22 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 25 | 35 |
| coating layer | 4 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 8 | 13 | 12 | 20 | 21 | 26 | 28 | 34 | 17 | 24 | 33 |
| management system | 4 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 20 | 21 | 16 | 13 | 23 | 28 | 30 | 28 | 30 | 24 | 30 | 30 | 33 |
| temperature control | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 13 | 28 |
| vehicle charging | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 22 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 19 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 20 | 28 |
| control device | 25 | 23 | 16 | 27 | 26 | 20 | 26 | 37 | 40 | 30 | 39 | 43 | 50 | 53 | 50 | 58 | 49 | 46 | 50 | 53 |
| module battery | 5 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 20 | 18 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 27 | 33 |
| electrode mixture | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 23 | 9 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 20 | 26 | 18 | 27 | 28 |
| direct current | 7 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 16 | 32 | 16 | 22 | 29 | 27 | 31 | 29 | 23 | 30 | 32 | 29 | 33 | 33 | 35 | 34 |
| electrode tab | 0 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 3 | 23 | 19 | 17 | 16 | 12 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 26 | 27 | 34 | 27 |
shrinking_list_abstract_2[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absorbing alloy | 34 | 34 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 0 |
| hydrogen absorbing | 34 | 34 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 27 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 1 |
| copyright jpo | 17 | 15 | 27 | 210 | 267 | 393 | 438 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| independent claim | 16 | 15 | 12 | 18 | 21 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 25 | 29 | 42 | 44 | 50 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| rest period | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| polarity type | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| solid solution | 18 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 16 | 20 | 31 | 30 | 56 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 4 |
| lithium manganate | 13 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 8 | 18 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 6 | 1 |
| modular casing | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| detector detecting | 19 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 12 | 5 | 10 | 7 |
| nickel hydroxide | 22 | 53 | 37 | 29 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 11 | 3 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 24 | 9 | 46 | 6 | 9 | 16 | 16 | 10 |
| pc card | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| jpo inpit | 11 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 29 | 169 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| diameter mum | 11 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| portable information | 18 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 7 |
| cellular telephone | 12 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| electronic machine | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| tool housing | 15 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 4 |
| portable telephone | 10 | 29 | 24 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| charge pulse | 11 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| electrode alkaline | 13 | 18 | 17 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 3 |
| cap cover | 11 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 1 |
| ac generator | 10 | 22 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 18 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 1 |
| group element | 29 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 11 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 11 | 20 |
| storage alloy | 18 | 38 | 21 | 5 | 19 | 38 | 23 | 29 | 5 | 33 | 22 | 24 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 9 |
| personal computer | 13 | 22 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| period followed | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| mobile telephone | 13 | 11 | 17 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 25 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 23 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 4 |
| regulator circuit | 9 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| remaining charge | 12 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 17 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 3 |
| sim card | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| storage casing | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| function section | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| type collector | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| fluid plug | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrolyte injecting | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| metallic porous | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| radio communication | 10 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 23 | 19 | 20 | 15 | 16 | 7 | 2 |
| directional switch | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode extension | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cadmium electrode | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| case material | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| residue rate | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| discharge pulse | 12 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| medium passage | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| nuclear particle | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| hydrogen storage | 21 | 43 | 24 | 13 | 25 | 42 | 41 | 35 | 10 | 36 | 27 | 27 | 13 | 12 | 25 | 37 | 11 | 7 | 16 | 13 |
| storing mean | 8 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| polyolefin fiber | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode body | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
shrinking_list_abstract_2_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium manganese | 58 | 46 | 24 | 23 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| battery charger | 55 | 35 | 48 | 65 | 58 | 43 | 41 | 32 | 33 | 31 | 36 | 28 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 8 | 14 | 7 |
| charging current | 73 | 51 | 57 | 39 | 46 | 56 | 58 | 41 | 58 | 51 | 31 | 36 | 30 | 36 | 25 | 28 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 28 |
| power source | 111 | 106 | 95 | 116 | 160 | 110 | 128 | 124 | 112 | 123 | 97 | 89 | 80 | 92 | 79 | 94 | 77 | 86 | 73 | 67 |
| battery voltage | 59 | 80 | 72 | 70 | 88 | 68 | 52 | 61 | 51 | 52 | 25 | 29 | 27 | 18 | 28 | 24 | 25 | 21 | 16 | 17 |
| element group | 54 | 17 | 19 | 14 | 17 | 22 | 17 | 21 | 12 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 14 | 18 | 8 | 12 |
| battery charging | 68 | 51 | 48 | 39 | 49 | 38 | 49 | 50 | 49 | 48 | 49 | 38 | 35 | 43 | 34 | 29 | 33 | 46 | 31 | 31 |
| electrochemical cell | 56 | 55 | 41 | 16 | 39 | 15 | 36 | 27 | 31 | 24 | 36 | 26 | 34 | 27 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 27 | 26 | 21 |
| absorbing alloy | 35 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| hydrogen absorbing | 35 | 29 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| charge discharge | 70 | 66 | 59 | 76 | 61 | 56 | 68 | 75 | 82 | 77 | 69 | 65 | 75 | 71 | 66 | 72 | 64 | 50 | 41 | 38 |
| lead acid | 41 | 40 | 22 | 42 | 33 | 19 | 13 | 12 | 21 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 11 |
| control signal | 50 | 17 | 28 | 11 | 46 | 29 | 33 | 37 | 32 | 33 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 32 | 28 | 24 | 29 | 30 | 27 | 21 |
| group element | 30 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| rechargeable battery | 65 | 53 | 83 | 55 | 72 | 77 | 70 | 84 | 90 | 80 | 82 | 80 | 56 | 42 | 61 | 48 | 58 | 34 | 39 | 38 |
| output voltage | 52 | 58 | 74 | 51 | 64 | 63 | 56 | 46 | 52 | 41 | 45 | 43 | 34 | 38 | 34 | 39 | 38 | 35 | 32 | 26 |
| battery case | 61 | 59 | 48 | 38 | 31 | 54 | 42 | 31 | 39 | 38 | 31 | 33 | 38 | 47 | 37 | 31 | 29 | 25 | 29 | 35 |
| charging battery | 52 | 41 | 48 | 36 | 46 | 45 | 42 | 31 | 50 | 51 | 34 | 37 | 33 | 28 | 26 | 29 | 25 | 29 | 28 | 27 |
| electric current | 31 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 9 | 13 | 15 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| manganese oxide | 26 | 27 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
| battery charge | 32 | 23 | 18 | 19 | 40 | 19 | 18 | 27 | 22 | 24 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 9 |
| battery container | 26 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 22 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| secondary cell | 31 | 57 | 36 | 41 | 41 | 15 | 32 | 6 | 17 | 19 | 14 | 10 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 25 | 14 | 14 | 9 |
| nickel hydroxide | 23 | 46 | 33 | 24 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| control circuit | 56 | 70 | 53 | 57 | 53 | 66 | 54 | 67 | 66 | 73 | 41 | 58 | 43 | 32 | 43 | 36 | 37 | 44 | 49 | 35 |
| battery charged | 30 | 27 | 38 | 27 | 24 | 23 | 14 | 29 | 26 | 24 | 14 | 18 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| discharge capacity | 28 | 11 | 17 | 24 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 16 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 7 |
| hydrogen storage | 22 | 37 | 21 | 11 | 19 | 27 | 21 | 16 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| charge storage | 23 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
| acid battery | 29 | 29 | 19 | 36 | 28 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 19 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 9 |
| battery temperature | 36 | 34 | 21 | 29 | 18 | 30 | 20 | 32 | 12 | 20 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 17 |
| rechargeable lithium | 23 | 23 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| supply voltage | 29 | 26 | 40 | 18 | 16 | 27 | 26 | 32 | 15 | 19 | 19 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 10 |
| detector detecting | 19 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| battery terminal | 26 | 31 | 32 | 24 | 20 | 29 | 21 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 7 |
| reference voltage | 25 | 15 | 28 | 13 | 18 | 27 | 29 | 20 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 16 | 17 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| rest period | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| solid solution | 18 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| current detector | 19 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| portable information | 18 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| charge voltage | 22 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| storage alloy | 18 | 33 | 19 | 4 | 15 | 24 | 12 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| control mean | 22 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 26 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| copyright jpo | 17 | 13 | 24 | 176 | 207 | 251 | 224 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alloy electrode | 18 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| period time | 22 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| charge current | 23 | 20 | 11 | 17 | 9 | 16 | 10 | 26 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 |
| external power | 34 | 19 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 15 | 19 | 22 | 26 | 23 | 27 | 30 | 27 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 17 |
| independent claim | 16 | 13 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polarity type | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| secondary battery | 229 | 281 | 282 | 350 | 384 | 595 | 776 | 833 | 858 | 946 | 1,135 | 2,154 | 2,652 | 2,790 | 2,842 | 2,861 | 2,794 | 2,592 | 3,001 | 3,722 |
| active material | 236 | 249 | 267 | 279 | 286 | 366 | 584 | 641 | 713 | 764 | 911 | 1,651 | 2,234 | 2,408 | 2,422 | 2,430 | 2,132 | 2,331 | 2,554 | 3,334 |
| battery cell | 80 | 77 | 45 | 67 | 102 | 112 | 182 | 260 | 249 | 329 | 574 | 1,116 | 1,452 | 2,007 | 1,890 | 1,818 | 1,784 | 1,729 | 2,111 | 2,851 |
| power supply | 163 | 201 | 292 | 247 | 310 | 503 | 546 | 577 | 709 | 673 | 987 | 1,483 | 1,817 | 2,078 | 2,287 | 1,984 | 1,885 | 2,137 | 2,430 | 2,611 |
| battery pack | 149 | 173 | 109 | 210 | 225 | 251 | 383 | 467 | 459 | 558 | 567 | 951 | 1,263 | 1,312 | 1,290 | 1,067 | 1,337 | 1,496 | 1,638 | 2,255 |
| battery module | 27 | 52 | 38 | 37 | 27 | 30 | 188 | 132 | 177 | 201 | 287 | 528 | 816 | 1,034 | 1,065 | 842 | 1,001 | 1,140 | 1,567 | 1,814 |
| storage device | 48 | 53 | 47 | 68 | 63 | 60 | 70 | 131 | 270 | 224 | 461 | 564 | 815 | 949 | 1,024 | 826 | 866 | 1,261 | 1,054 | 1,357 |
| electrode active | 91 | 86 | 84 | 122 | 157 | 175 | 248 | 284 | 296 | 372 | 448 | 1,020 | 1,312 | 1,341 | 1,415 | 1,446 | 1,347 | 1,352 | 1,471 | 2,102 |
| power storage | 17 | 13 | 24 | 30 | 9 | 21 | 15 | 90 | 176 | 107 | 297 | 287 | 724 | 686 | 860 | 717 | 866 | 1,083 | 851 | 994 |
| electric vehicle | 27 | 20 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 13 | 26 | 20 | 62 | 93 | 277 | 415 | 656 | 778 | 495 | 493 | 408 | 639 | 551 | 955 |
| energy storage | 28 | 61 | 61 | 65 | 66 | 72 | 105 | 171 | 292 | 274 | 389 | 615 | 737 | 947 | 921 | 847 | 1,012 | 1,360 | 1,463 | 1,653 |
| lithium ion | 85 | 98 | 111 | 114 | 105 | 172 | 183 | 222 | 288 | 327 | 484 | 813 | 1,174 | 1,109 | 1,207 | 1,321 | 1,347 | 1,209 | 1,347 | 1,423 |
| current collector | 61 | 54 | 57 | 62 | 70 | 126 | 124 | 213 | 238 | 293 | 314 | 544 | 638 | 702 | 655 | 541 | 646 | 717 | 1,158 | 1,477 |
| material layer | 18 | 14 | 39 | 39 | 43 | 102 | 124 | 156 | 151 | 204 | 196 | 400 | 463 | 638 | 584 | 488 | 396 | 587 | 741 | 1,058 |
| electric power | 61 | 93 | 74 | 100 | 77 | 130 | 112 | 127 | 306 | 291 | 318 | 680 | 847 | 828 | 673 | 754 | 546 | 632 | 679 | 696 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 60 | 98 | 78 | 80 | 133 | 156 | 242 | 237 | 309 | 230 | 234 | 463 | 668 | 668 | 795 | 727 | 740 | 549 | 646 | 827 |
| lithium secondary | 57 | 119 | 82 | 75 | 124 | 134 | 204 | 145 | 135 | 185 | 227 | 348 | 465 | 500 | 496 | 428 | 508 | 382 | 548 | 845 |
| control unit | 43 | 44 | 38 | 53 | 54 | 82 | 94 | 115 | 115 | 206 | 254 | 395 | 641 | 847 | 626 | 661 | 639 | 690 | 768 | 913 |
| storage battery | 63 | 77 | 67 | 115 | 84 | 127 | 133 | 137 | 112 | 148 | 173 | 383 | 583 | 688 | 656 | 656 | 818 | 619 | 554 | 635 |
| power transmission | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 16 | 60 | 162 | 154 | 162 | 413 | 597 | 708 | 767 | 612 | 722 | 614 | 504 |
| electrode assembly | 27 | 13 | 1 | 20 | 25 | 83 | 175 | 170 | 139 | 180 | 129 | 527 | 569 | 618 | 592 | 730 | 747 | 722 | 833 | 714 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 19 | 61 | 116 | 154 | 387 | 584 | 826 | 832 | 899 | 949 | 751 | 646 |
| jpo inpit | 11 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 29 | 169 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| copyright jpo | 17 | 15 | 27 | 210 | 267 | 393 | 438 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrode plate | 60 | 127 | 43 | 59 | 107 | 112 | 186 | 128 | 128 | 149 | 152 | 454 | 472 | 437 | 391 | 347 | 454 | 452 | 592 | 749 |
| rechargeable battery | 63 | 62 | 94 | 66 | 93 | 120 | 137 | 180 | 224 | 224 | 278 | 410 | 378 | 311 | 483 | 375 | 457 | 287 | 382 | 420 |
| power receiving | 2 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 18 | 15 | 86 | 96 | 118 | 248 | 413 | 625 | 333 | 299 | 315 | 372 | 251 |
| power source | 108 | 123 | 108 | 138 | 206 | 173 | 250 | 267 | 279 | 346 | 329 | 458 | 539 | 685 | 627 | 725 | 605 | 729 | 711 | 743 |
| solid electrolyte | 13 | 31 | 15 | 7 | 18 | 12 | 23 | 12 | 33 | 26 | 56 | 150 | 141 | 249 | 207 | 236 | 306 | 419 | 574 | 843 |
| battery electrode | 66 | 63 | 51 | 71 | 101 | 117 | 170 | 186 | 176 | 201 | 240 | 462 | 626 | 641 | 616 | 671 | 704 | 745 | 750 | 959 |
| ion battery | 16 | 26 | 41 | 31 | 17 | 49 | 58 | 83 | 99 | 121 | 201 | 331 | 482 | 442 | 476 | 556 | 667 | 633 | 775 | 752 |
| electrically connected | 29 | 30 | 20 | 27 | 49 | 89 | 81 | 110 | 142 | 187 | 233 | 318 | 485 | 589 | 564 | 569 | 595 | 662 | 879 | 917 |
| wireless charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 10 | 51 | 65 | 141 | 262 | 346 | 341 | 544 | 725 | 547 | 590 |
| electrode material | 59 | 58 | 52 | 71 | 92 | 106 | 100 | 93 | 98 | 121 | 172 | 280 | 385 | 353 | 430 | 534 | 421 | 382 | 441 | 613 |
| electrolyte secondary | 26 | 39 | 47 | 48 | 71 | 76 | 113 | 119 | 184 | 137 | 123 | 225 | 315 | 304 | 461 | 442 | 434 | 299 | 271 | 421 |
| control circuit | 55 | 81 | 60 | 68 | 68 | 103 | 106 | 143 | 164 | 206 | 140 | 297 | 293 | 238 | 343 | 282 | 289 | 370 | 470 | 385 |
| plurality battery | 16 | 39 | 10 | 25 | 27 | 50 | 42 | 66 | 63 | 83 | 90 | 329 | 356 | 451 | 411 | 382 | 419 | 430 | 568 | 693 |
| motor vehicle | 22 | 14 | 20 | 18 | 43 | 22 | 39 | 60 | 39 | 49 | 89 | 160 | 241 | 233 | 202 | 136 | 184 | 153 | 271 | 507 |
| charging discharging | 38 | 75 | 61 | 60 | 59 | 57 | 67 | 100 | 100 | 123 | 160 | 229 | 390 | 451 | 496 | 368 | 362 | 439 | 367 | 436 |
| bus bar | 0 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 24 | 15 | 12 | 42 | 46 | 99 | 185 | 261 | 356 | 244 | 238 | 305 | 542 | 548 |
| ion secondary | 12 | 29 | 18 | 30 | 33 | 63 | 72 | 74 | 76 | 84 | 168 | 270 | 368 | 433 | 462 | 523 | 431 | 355 | 311 | 378 |
| battery cover | 13 | 11 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 28 | 64 | 64 | 37 | 80 | 351 | 168 | 85 | 104 | 50 | 42 | 52 | 69 | 108 | 109 |
| material lithium | 32 | 42 | 35 | 50 | 63 | 74 | 59 | 76 | 70 | 127 | 158 | 267 | 376 | 329 | 399 | 407 | 368 | 305 | 289 | 458 |
| electronic device | 50 | 43 | 37 | 78 | 79 | 104 | 146 | 152 | 202 | 246 | 347 | 421 | 445 | 454 | 592 | 640 | 766 | 718 | 730 | 730 |
| unit cell | 1 | 9 | 5 | 25 | 16 | 33 | 146 | 99 | 49 | 48 | 67 | 121 | 272 | 177 | 141 | 155 | 126 | 145 | 223 | 213 |
| battery unit | 25 | 32 | 20 | 26 | 15 | 51 | 41 | 38 | 52 | 105 | 139 | 218 | 336 | 377 | 254 | 269 | 233 | 293 | 388 | 368 |
| charging station | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 22 | 44 | 128 | 138 | 211 | 268 | 159 | 197 | 267 | 281 | 284 | 541 |
| control device | 24 | 27 | 18 | 32 | 34 | 31 | 51 | 80 | 99 | 85 | 132 | 224 | 335 | 397 | 399 | 452 | 387 | 385 | 487 | 582 |
| power reception | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 34 | 69 | 62 | 159 | 288 | 222 | 325 | 222 | 245 | 291 | 210 |
| jpo ncipi | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 154 | 364 | 269 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
highest_abs_change_list_abstract_2_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| power supply | 167 | 173 | 258 | 207 | 241 | 321 | 279 | 269 | 286 | 240 | 292 | 288 | 269 | 278 | 288 | 257 | 241 | 253 | 251 | 237 |
| copyright jpo | 17 | 13 | 24 | 176 | 207 | 251 | 224 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| secondary battery | 235 | 241 | 249 | 294 | 298 | 380 | 397 | 388 | 346 | 337 | 336 | 418 | 392 | 374 | 358 | 370 | 357 | 307 | 310 | 338 |
| jpo ncipi | 5 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 120 | 232 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery cell | 82 | 66 | 40 | 56 | 79 | 72 | 93 | 121 | 100 | 117 | 170 | 217 | 215 | 269 | 238 | 235 | 228 | 205 | 218 | 259 |
| jpo inpit | 11 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 19 | 86 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery pack | 153 | 149 | 96 | 176 | 175 | 160 | 196 | 218 | 185 | 199 | 168 | 185 | 187 | 176 | 163 | 138 | 171 | 177 | 169 | 205 |
| power storage | 17 | 11 | 21 | 25 | 7 | 13 | 8 | 42 | 71 | 38 | 88 | 56 | 107 | 92 | 108 | 93 | 111 | 128 | 88 | 90 |
| electrode plate | 62 | 109 | 38 | 50 | 83 | 72 | 95 | 60 | 52 | 53 | 45 | 88 | 70 | 59 | 49 | 45 | 58 | 54 | 61 | 68 |
| storage device | 49 | 46 | 42 | 57 | 49 | 38 | 36 | 61 | 109 | 80 | 137 | 109 | 121 | 127 | 129 | 107 | 111 | 149 | 109 | 123 |
| active material | 242 | 214 | 236 | 234 | 222 | 234 | 299 | 299 | 288 | 272 | 270 | 320 | 331 | 323 | 305 | 314 | 272 | 276 | 264 | 303 |
| electric power | 63 | 80 | 65 | 84 | 60 | 83 | 57 | 59 | 123 | 104 | 94 | 132 | 125 | 111 | 85 | 98 | 70 | 75 | 70 | 63 |
| electrode assembly | 28 | 11 | 1 | 17 | 19 | 53 | 90 | 79 | 56 | 64 | 38 | 102 | 84 | 83 | 75 | 94 | 95 | 86 | 86 | 65 |
| battery module | 28 | 45 | 34 | 31 | 21 | 19 | 96 | 61 | 71 | 72 | 85 | 102 | 121 | 139 | 134 | 109 | 128 | 135 | 162 | 165 |
| power source | 111 | 106 | 95 | 116 | 160 | 110 | 128 | 124 | 112 | 123 | 97 | 89 | 80 | 92 | 79 | 94 | 77 | 86 | 73 | 67 |
| electrode active | 93 | 74 | 74 | 102 | 122 | 112 | 127 | 132 | 119 | 132 | 133 | 198 | 194 | 180 | 178 | 187 | 172 | 160 | 152 | 191 |
| lithium secondary | 58 | 102 | 72 | 63 | 96 | 86 | 104 | 68 | 54 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 67 | 62 | 55 | 65 | 45 | 57 | 77 |
| aqueous electrolyte | 62 | 84 | 69 | 67 | 103 | 100 | 124 | 110 | 125 | 82 | 69 | 90 | 99 | 90 | 100 | 94 | 95 | 65 | 67 | 75 |
| electric vehicle | 28 | 17 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 25 | 33 | 82 | 81 | 97 | 104 | 62 | 64 | 52 | 76 | 57 | 87 |
| storage battery | 65 | 66 | 59 | 97 | 65 | 81 | 68 | 64 | 45 | 53 | 51 | 74 | 86 | 92 | 83 | 85 | 104 | 73 | 57 | 58 |
| energy storage | 29 | 52 | 54 | 55 | 51 | 46 | 54 | 80 | 118 | 98 | 115 | 119 | 109 | 127 | 116 | 110 | 129 | 161 | 151 | 150 |
| lithium ion | 87 | 84 | 98 | 96 | 82 | 110 | 94 | 103 | 116 | 116 | 143 | 158 | 174 | 149 | 152 | 171 | 172 | 143 | 139 | 129 |
| battery cover | 13 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 20 | 18 | 33 | 30 | 15 | 28 | 104 | 33 | 13 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 10 |
| rechargeable battery | 65 | 53 | 83 | 55 | 72 | 77 | 70 | 84 | 90 | 80 | 82 | 80 | 56 | 42 | 61 | 48 | 58 | 34 | 39 | 38 |
| carbon material | 13 | 15 | 65 | 20 | 10 | 34 | 16 | 29 | 18 | 22 | 37 | 18 | 21 | 27 | 25 | 24 | 19 | 18 | 24 | 18 |
| current collector | 63 | 46 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 80 | 63 | 99 | 96 | 104 | 93 | 106 | 94 | 94 | 83 | 70 | 83 | 85 | 120 | 134 |
| material layer | 18 | 12 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 65 | 63 | 73 | 61 | 73 | 58 | 78 | 69 | 85 | 74 | 63 | 51 | 70 | 77 | 96 |
| power transmission | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 24 | 58 | 46 | 31 | 61 | 80 | 89 | 99 | 78 | 86 | 63 | 46 |
| unit cell | 1 | 8 | 4 | 21 | 12 | 21 | 75 | 46 | 20 | 17 | 20 | 23 | 40 | 24 | 18 | 20 | 16 | 17 | 23 | 19 |
| electronic device | 51 | 37 | 33 | 65 | 61 | 66 | 75 | 71 | 81 | 88 | 103 | 82 | 66 | 61 | 75 | 83 | 98 | 85 | 75 | 66 |
| control circuit | 56 | 70 | 53 | 57 | 53 | 66 | 54 | 67 | 66 | 73 | 41 | 58 | 43 | 32 | 43 | 36 | 37 | 44 | 49 | 35 |
| plurality battery | 16 | 34 | 9 | 21 | 21 | 32 | 21 | 31 | 25 | 30 | 27 | 64 | 53 | 60 | 52 | 49 | 54 | 51 | 59 | 63 |
| electrochemical cell | 56 | 55 | 41 | 16 | 39 | 15 | 36 | 27 | 31 | 24 | 36 | 26 | 34 | 27 | 28 | 24 | 23 | 27 | 26 | 21 |
| wireless power | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 22 | 34 | 30 | 57 | 78 | 104 | 108 | 115 | 112 | 78 | 59 |
| electrolyte secondary | 27 | 34 | 42 | 40 | 55 | 49 | 58 | 55 | 74 | 49 | 36 | 44 | 47 | 41 | 58 | 57 | 55 | 35 | 28 | 38 |
| secondary cell | 31 | 57 | 36 | 41 | 41 | 15 | 32 | 6 | 17 | 19 | 14 | 10 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 25 | 14 | 14 | 9 |
| circuit board | 31 | 17 | 24 | 39 | 26 | 43 | 46 | 40 | 47 | 61 | 39 | 41 | 30 | 32 | 29 | 26 | 42 | 28 | 35 | 30 |
| power receiving | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 31 | 28 | 23 | 37 | 55 | 79 | 43 | 38 | 37 | 38 | 23 |
| control unit | 44 | 38 | 34 | 45 | 42 | 52 | 48 | 54 | 46 | 73 | 75 | 77 | 95 | 113 | 79 | 85 | 82 | 82 | 79 | 83 |
| ion battery | 16 | 22 | 36 | 26 | 13 | 31 | 30 | 39 | 40 | 43 | 60 | 64 | 71 | 59 | 60 | 72 | 85 | 75 | 80 | 68 |
| battery voltage | 59 | 80 | 72 | 70 | 88 | 68 | 52 | 61 | 51 | 52 | 25 | 29 | 27 | 18 | 28 | 24 | 25 | 21 | 16 | 17 |
| solid electrolyte | 13 | 27 | 13 | 6 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 17 | 29 | 21 | 33 | 26 | 31 | 39 | 50 | 59 | 77 |
| charging current | 73 | 51 | 57 | 39 | 46 | 56 | 58 | 41 | 58 | 51 | 31 | 36 | 30 | 36 | 25 | 28 | 33 | 27 | 26 | 28 |
| control signal | 50 | 17 | 28 | 11 | 46 | 29 | 33 | 37 | 32 | 33 | 31 | 31 | 36 | 32 | 28 | 24 | 29 | 30 | 27 | 21 |
| battery electrode | 68 | 54 | 45 | 60 | 78 | 75 | 87 | 87 | 71 | 72 | 71 | 90 | 93 | 86 | 78 | 87 | 90 | 88 | 78 | 87 |
| motor vehicle | 23 | 12 | 18 | 15 | 33 | 14 | 20 | 28 | 16 | 17 | 26 | 31 | 36 | 31 | 25 | 18 | 23 | 18 | 28 | 46 |
| electrical energy | 11 | 20 | 29 | 39 | 37 | 34 | 22 | 45 | 40 | 44 | 62 | 41 | 53 | 49 | 40 | 38 | 46 | 42 | 44 | 47 |
| state charge | 13 | 40 | 46 | 16 | 31 | 41 | 25 | 26 | 32 | 42 | 35 | 36 | 31 | 31 | 37 | 40 | 37 | 30 | 26 | 26 |
| electrode material | 61 | 50 | 46 | 60 | 71 | 68 | 51 | 43 | 40 | 43 | 51 | 54 | 57 | 47 | 54 | 69 | 54 | 45 | 46 | 56 |
| electrically connected | 30 | 26 | 18 | 23 | 38 | 57 | 41 | 51 | 57 | 67 | 69 | 62 | 72 | 79 | 71 | 74 | 76 | 78 | 91 | 83 |
growing_list_abstract_3, shrinking_list_abstract_3, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3, growing_list_abstract_3_scaled, shrinking_list_abstract_3_scaled, highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3_scaled = growing_keywords(
3,
'appln_abstract'
)
N-grams created N-grams counted Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created Difference over whole timespan calculated Sum of absolute differences (abs(count_year_i+1 - count_year_i)) calculated Positive change plot created Negative change plot created Absolute change plot created
growing_list_abstract_3[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electrode active material | 89 | 82 | 72 | 121 | 136 | 157 | 241 | 278 | 294 | 356 | 427 | 991 | 1,253 | 1,288 | 1,323 | 1,386 | 1,273 | 1,308 | 1,382 | 1,990 |
| active material layer | 17 | 9 | 29 | 27 | 37 | 96 | 114 | 143 | 134 | 188 | 186 | 364 | 419 | 553 | 499 | 383 | 336 | 510 | 619 | 883 |
| lithium secondary battery | 46 | 91 | 72 | 65 | 112 | 128 | 192 | 140 | 124 | 178 | 222 | 340 | 451 | 487 | 490 | 410 | 492 | 374 | 540 | 844 |
| lithium ion battery | 15 | 26 | 41 | 31 | 16 | 49 | 58 | 83 | 99 | 121 | 197 | 321 | 476 | 421 | 449 | 520 | 618 | 569 | 702 | 685 |
| energy storage device | 5 | 41 | 27 | 39 | 33 | 20 | 44 | 70 | 109 | 94 | 147 | 183 | 224 | 367 | 367 | 277 | 370 | 538 | 576 | 648 |
| secondary battery electrode | 29 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 55 | 82 | 113 | 109 | 95 | 122 | 146 | 286 | 417 | 422 | 384 | 400 | 419 | 441 | 435 | 593 |
| electrode current collector | 7 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 24 | 46 | 57 | 104 | 96 | 135 | 206 | 171 | 155 | 172 | 215 | 226 | 412 | 539 |
| power storage device | 11 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 30 | 69 | 37 | 183 | 166 | 317 | 310 | 361 | 311 | 311 | 520 | 293 | 394 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 25 | 27 | 41 | 36 | 65 | 74 | 110 | 118 | 180 | 129 | 113 | 214 | 301 | 269 | 437 | 425 | 412 | 286 | 264 | 405 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 24 | 38 | 45 | 46 | 67 | 75 | 111 | 116 | 182 | 135 | 121 | 216 | 307 | 289 | 456 | 427 | 421 | 284 | 248 | 390 |
| plurality battery cell | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 28 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 135 | 175 | 229 | 177 | 206 | 212 | 232 | 314 | 351 |
| ion secondary battery | 10 | 25 | 15 | 23 | 32 | 58 | 68 | 73 | 75 | 81 | 162 | 261 | 331 | 409 | 428 | 468 | 388 | 337 | 300 | 357 |
| power supply device | 11 | 3 | 25 | 7 | 20 | 28 | 35 | 28 | 84 | 60 | 80 | 140 | 227 | 259 | 285 | 222 | 228 | 256 | 281 | 348 |
| lithium ion secondary | 12 | 29 | 18 | 30 | 33 | 63 | 72 | 74 | 76 | 84 | 164 | 270 | 366 | 418 | 442 | 506 | 379 | 342 | 291 | 345 |
| current collector electrode | 5 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 27 | 37 | 45 | 56 | 127 | 113 | 114 | 138 | 97 | 137 | 138 | 217 | 323 |
| active material lithium | 17 | 24 | 16 | 28 | 27 | 36 | 36 | 43 | 48 | 65 | 100 | 168 | 256 | 183 | 225 | 255 | 222 | 177 | 160 | 266 |
| cathode active material | 6 | 10 | 23 | 31 | 9 | 28 | 59 | 49 | 44 | 64 | 92 | 79 | 146 | 168 | 199 | 182 | 168 | 198 | 211 | 247 |
| power supply system | 7 | 20 | 25 | 18 | 27 | 21 | 32 | 52 | 47 | 59 | 82 | 150 | 187 | 162 | 165 | 145 | 166 | 185 | 218 | 241 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 25 | 35 | 32 | 46 | 93 | 80 | 116 | 121 | 106 | 138 | 165 | 200 | 222 |
| electrode mixture layer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 25 | 38 | 26 | 56 | 87 | 93 | 89 | 111 | 151 | 98 | 170 | 219 |
| solid electrolyte layer | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 19 | 11 | 21 | 48 | 46 | 92 | 43 | 70 | 68 | 105 | 126 | 208 |
| solid state battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 29 | 58 | 49 | 29 | 33 | 53 | 95 | 198 |
| layer electrode active | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 17 | 12 | 20 | 30 | 60 | 71 | 93 | 85 | 112 | 102 | 105 | 120 | 200 |
| battery management system | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 30 | 39 | 20 | 22 | 61 | 91 | 113 | 97 | 147 | 107 | 139 | 163 | 185 |
| material layer electrode | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 9 | 30 | 34 | 76 | 79 | 89 | 82 | 86 | 74 | 101 | 91 | 178 |
| energy storage unit | 1 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 20 | 16 | 26 | 47 | 43 | 81 | 78 | 78 | 44 | 94 | 92 | 101 | 201 | 176 |
| secondary battery lithium | 6 | 15 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 13 | 10 | 13 | 21 | 25 | 40 | 46 | 69 | 69 | 90 | 96 | 106 | 70 | 125 | 177 |
| anode active material | 6 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 14 | 20 | 58 | 61 | 65 | 55 | 77 | 80 | 92 | 113 | 211 | 108 | 74 | 117 | 166 | 175 |
| transition metal oxide | 3 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 18 | 13 | 28 | 38 | 49 | 54 | 68 | 91 | 132 | 106 | 80 | 83 | 167 |
| active material particle | 4 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 19 | 41 | 32 | 32 | 36 | 38 | 57 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 150 | 161 | 213 | 199 | 164 |
| collector electrode active | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 28 | 68 | 44 | 92 | 109 | 67 | 67 | 72 | 82 | 157 |
| active material electrode | 27 | 23 | 13 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 32 | 34 | 37 | 40 | 52 | 107 | 119 | 126 | 118 | 161 | 128 | 131 | 123 | 182 |
| electrical energy storage | 1 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 3 | 16 | 38 | 15 | 28 | 52 | 32 | 89 | 116 | 74 | 77 | 79 | 100 | 125 | 153 |
| wireless power transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 23 | 33 | 115 | 105 | 183 | 172 | 154 | 223 | 143 | 148 |
| redox flow battery | 0 | 0 | 8 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 44 | 30 | 50 | 93 | 86 | 102 | 120 | 146 |
| power storage element | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 4 | 46 | 58 | 93 | 112 | 160 | 162 | 170 | 143 |
| material electrode active | 7 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 | 11 | 18 | 17 | 33 | 27 | 50 | 82 | 77 | 69 | 84 | 89 | 70 | 84 | 146 |
| aqueous electrolyte solution | 4 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 14 | 31 | 42 | 64 | 62 | 70 | 47 | 55 | 38 | 89 | 143 |
| material lithium ion | 5 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 5 | 17 | 12 | 18 | 23 | 33 | 63 | 106 | 162 | 134 | 153 | 181 | 142 | 125 | 126 | 140 |
| power transmission device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 27 | 41 | 53 | 92 | 121 | 173 | 96 | 113 | 136 | 134 |
| lithium transition metal | 8 | 16 | 6 | 19 | 24 | 31 | 20 | 19 | 36 | 29 | 42 | 74 | 75 | 82 | 106 | 138 | 112 | 87 | 112 | 138 |
| battery module plurality | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 17 | 3 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 52 | 62 | 71 | 65 | 71 | 60 | 64 | 117 | 127 |
| material lithium secondary | 11 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 33 | 32 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 50 | 54 | 81 | 125 | 105 | 134 | 99 | 102 | 80 | 84 | 130 |
| electric vehicle charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 25 | 48 | 93 | 113 | 65 | 53 | 38 | 50 | 64 | 118 |
| battery cell electrode | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 11 | 14 | 24 | 30 | 59 | 42 | 43 | 53 | 47 | 72 | 117 |
| power supply circuit | 10 | 12 | 27 | 14 | 11 | 25 | 12 | 44 | 38 | 26 | 31 | 59 | 71 | 59 | 73 | 37 | 63 | 101 | 100 | 127 |
| battery electrode active | 5 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 21 | 14 | 22 | 44 | 25 | 36 | 39 | 77 | 128 | 120 | 115 | 133 | 111 | 133 | 102 | 122 |
| control unit configured | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 34 | 34 | 42 | 46 | 50 | 62 | 61 | 114 |
| state secondary battery | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 16 | 23 | 31 | 41 | 28 | 27 | 57 | 96 | 45 | 112 |
| electrode lithium secondary | 4 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 17 | 19 | 8 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 29 | 39 | 31 | 48 | 35 | 28 | 38 | 39 | 74 | 114 |
# Export as PNG
dfi.export(growing_list_abstract_3[2], 'growing_list_abstract_3.png')
[0125/103154.401527:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103154.404871:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0 [0125/103154.407666:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103155.941622:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmpbkmfjlfk/temp.png. [0125/103156.299345:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103156.301915:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0 [0125/103156.304274:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103157.447154:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmp90f2ygy1/temp.png. [0125/103157.912148:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103157.913207:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0 [0125/103157.914669:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103159.376395:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmpizrcuhkd/temp.png.
growing_list_abstract_3_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electrode active material | 91 | 70 | 64 | 102 | 106 | 100 | 123 | 129 | 119 | 127 | 126 | 192 | 185 | 173 | 167 | 179 | 163 | 155 | 143 | 181 |
| active material layer | 17 | 8 | 26 | 23 | 29 | 61 | 58 | 67 | 54 | 67 | 55 | 71 | 62 | 74 | 63 | 50 | 43 | 60 | 64 | 80 |
| energy storage device | 5 | 35 | 24 | 33 | 26 | 13 | 23 | 33 | 44 | 33 | 44 | 36 | 33 | 49 | 46 | 36 | 47 | 64 | 60 | 59 |
| lithium ion battery | 15 | 22 | 36 | 26 | 12 | 31 | 30 | 39 | 40 | 43 | 58 | 62 | 70 | 56 | 57 | 67 | 79 | 67 | 73 | 62 |
| electrode current collector | 7 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 21 | 23 | 37 | 28 | 26 | 30 | 23 | 20 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 43 | 49 |
| lithium secondary battery | 47 | 78 | 64 | 55 | 87 | 82 | 98 | 65 | 50 | 63 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 65 | 62 | 53 | 63 | 44 | 56 | 77 |
| plurality battery cell | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 26 | 26 | 31 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 32 | 32 |
| power storage device | 11 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 14 | 28 | 13 | 54 | 32 | 47 | 42 | 45 | 40 | 40 | 62 | 30 | 36 |
| current collector electrode | 5 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 25 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 22 | 29 |
| secondary battery electrode | 30 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 43 | 52 | 58 | 51 | 38 | 43 | 43 | 56 | 62 | 57 | 48 | 52 | 54 | 52 | 45 | 54 |
| ion secondary battery | 10 | 21 | 13 | 19 | 25 | 37 | 35 | 34 | 30 | 29 | 48 | 51 | 49 | 55 | 54 | 61 | 50 | 40 | 31 | 32 |
| power supply device | 11 | 3 | 22 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 34 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 32 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 20 |
| electrode mixture layer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 14 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 19 | 12 | 18 | 20 |
| lithium ion secondary | 12 | 25 | 16 | 25 | 26 | 40 | 37 | 34 | 31 | 30 | 49 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 56 | 65 | 48 | 41 | 30 | 31 |
| solid state battery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 18 |
| battery management system | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 12 | 19 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
| cathode active material | 6 | 9 | 20 | 26 | 7 | 18 | 30 | 23 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 15 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 22 |
| layer electrode active | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 18 |
| energy storage unit | 1 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 13 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 21 | 16 |
| power supply system | 7 | 17 | 22 | 15 | 21 | 13 | 16 | 24 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 29 | 28 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 22 |
| material layer electrode | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 16 |
| solid electrolyte layer | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 19 |
| wireless power transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 17 | 14 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 26 | 15 | 13 |
| redox flow battery | 0 | 0 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 |
| collector electrode active | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 7 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 14 |
| electrical energy storage | 1 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 2 | 8 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 6 | 13 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| power transmission device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 22 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 12 |
| transition metal oxide | 3 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 15 |
| power storage element | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 14 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 13 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 26 | 23 | 36 | 30 | 50 | 47 | 56 | 55 | 73 | 46 | 33 | 42 | 45 | 36 | 55 | 55 | 53 | 34 | 27 | 37 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 25 | 33 | 40 | 39 | 52 | 48 | 57 | 54 | 73 | 48 | 36 | 42 | 45 | 39 | 57 | 55 | 54 | 34 | 26 | 35 |
| active material particle | 4 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 12 | 21 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 19 | 21 | 25 | 21 | 15 |
| electric vehicle charging | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 11 |
| battery cell electrode | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 11 |
| battery module plurality | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
| control unit configured | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 10 |
| state secondary battery | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 5 | 10 |
| secondary battery lithium | 6 | 13 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 16 |
| anode active material | 6 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 20 | 23 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 27 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 16 |
| current collector layer | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 9 |
| aqueous electrolyte solution | 4 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 13 |
| unmanned aerial vehicle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 13 | 16 | 8 |
| plurality battery module | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 11 | 9 |
| electrode active substance | 1 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 9 |
| power receiving device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 22 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 8 |
| solid state secondary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 8 |
| present electrode active | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
| solid electrolyte material | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| power storage system | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
# Export as PNG
dfi.export(growing_list_abstract_3_scaled[2], 'growing_list_abstract_3_scaled.png')
[0125/103200.886582:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103200.887739:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0 [0125/103200.889367:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103201.812180:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmp4_20ni8j/temp.png. [0125/103202.163263:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103202.164365:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0 [0125/103202.166099:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103203.298529:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmpna8lm620/temp.png. [0125/103203.763942:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103203.765033:ERROR:file_io.cc(94)] ReadExactly: expected 8, observed 0 [0125/103203.766827:ERROR:xattr.cc(63)] setxattr org.chromium.crashpad.database.initialized on file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/: Operation not permitted (1) [0125/103205.213559:INFO:headless_shell.cc(653)] Written to file /var/folders/c3/ddgk3fbs6w1gm4pg4tfj0d0r0000gn/T/tmpbmme83jx/temp.png.
shrinking_list_abstract_3[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hydrogen absorbing alloy | 34 | 34 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 0 |
| charge storage device | 15 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 17 | 3 | 3 |
| temperature detection section | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| copyright jpo inpit | 11 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 29 | 169 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| absorbing alloy electrode | 11 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| lithium secondary cell | 11 | 27 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 3 | 17 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 1 |
| safety valve element | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery safety valve | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| portable information terminal | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 3 |
| hydrogen storage alloy | 18 | 36 | 21 | 5 | 19 | 38 | 23 | 29 | 5 | 33 | 22 | 24 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 20 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 9 |
| absorbing alloy powder | 9 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| information storage device | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery storage casing | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| current detector detecting | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| rest period followed | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polarity type electrode | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| bi directional switch | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| double layer capacitor | 14 | 30 | 26 | 19 | 31 | 38 | 41 | 34 | 13 | 31 | 27 | 29 | 28 | 23 | 33 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 6 |
| polarity type collector | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cooling medium passage | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| voltage supply terminal | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| function predetermined time | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| main anode body | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| voltage change rate | 7 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| power feed mean | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| signal processing section | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| conductive porous body | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ion polymer battery | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| hydrogen generating system | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| good charge discharge | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium ion polymer | 7 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| output voltage vout | 7 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| metallic porous body | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| z lithium manganese | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| charge pulse discharge | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode extension portion | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| solar array system | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| circuit controlling charging | 7 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| comparison reference voltage | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| laminated metal plate | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electronic monitoring package | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| anode body portion | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| signaling device cm | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| consumer usage recorder | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| followed rest period | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| consumption current detector | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| large secondary battery | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| mobile device mu | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| current detector charging | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| medium passage side | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
shrinking_list_abstract_3_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hydrogen absorbing alloy | 35 | 29 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| lithium manganese oxide | 21 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| lead acid battery | 27 | 29 | 19 | 36 | 28 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 19 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 9 |
| hydrogen storage alloy | 18 | 31 | 19 | 4 | 15 | 24 | 12 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| external power source | 21 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 6 | 4 |
| charge discharge cycle | 21 | 16 | 11 | 16 | 19 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| charge storage device | 15 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| rechargeable lithium battery | 17 | 19 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| alkaline storage battery | 15 | 28 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| double layer capacitor | 14 | 26 | 23 | 16 | 24 | 24 | 21 | 16 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| portable information terminal | 13 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| temperature detection section | 12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electric double layer | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 22 | 22 | 18 | 14 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| copyright jpo inpit | 11 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 19 | 86 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| absorbing alloy electrode | 11 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| lithium secondary cell | 11 | 23 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| active material electrode | 28 | 20 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 21 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 17 |
| polyolefin microporous film | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| safety valve element | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| battery safety valve | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| cooling medium passage | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| predetermined time period | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| nickel metal hydride | 10 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| absorbing alloy powder | 9 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| information storage device | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| transition metal compound | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| alkaline secondary battery | 9 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| charging control circuit | 10 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| iron cobalt nickel | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| power supply controller | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| battery storage casing | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| current detector detecting | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| rest period followed | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polarity type electrode | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| bi directional switch | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| polarity type collector | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| mobile phone battery | 8 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electric power converter | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| surface treated steel | 8 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| treated steel sheet | 8 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrical system battery | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| manganese iron cobalt | 8 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| control circuit controlling | 8 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| battery charging current | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| battery charging device | 9 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| voltage supply terminal | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| function predetermined time | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| main anode body | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| voltage change rate | 7 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| power feed mean | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electrode active material | 89 | 82 | 72 | 121 | 136 | 157 | 241 | 278 | 294 | 356 | 427 | 991 | 1,253 | 1,288 | 1,323 | 1,386 | 1,273 | 1,308 | 1,382 | 1,990 |
| lithium secondary battery | 46 | 91 | 72 | 65 | 112 | 128 | 192 | 140 | 124 | 178 | 222 | 340 | 451 | 487 | 490 | 410 | 492 | 374 | 540 | 844 |
| active material layer | 17 | 9 | 29 | 27 | 37 | 96 | 114 | 143 | 134 | 188 | 186 | 364 | 419 | 553 | 499 | 383 | 336 | 510 | 619 | 883 |
| copyright jpo inpit | 11 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 29 | 169 | 440 | 495 | 604 | 484 | 500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| power storage device | 11 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 30 | 69 | 37 | 183 | 166 | 317 | 310 | 361 | 311 | 311 | 520 | 293 | 394 |
| lithium ion battery | 15 | 26 | 41 | 31 | 16 | 49 | 58 | 83 | 99 | 121 | 197 | 321 | 476 | 421 | 449 | 520 | 618 | 569 | 702 | 685 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 24 | 38 | 45 | 46 | 67 | 75 | 111 | 116 | 182 | 135 | 121 | 216 | 307 | 289 | 456 | 427 | 421 | 284 | 248 | 390 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 25 | 27 | 41 | 36 | 65 | 74 | 110 | 118 | 180 | 129 | 113 | 214 | 301 | 269 | 437 | 425 | 412 | 286 | 264 | 405 |
| energy storage device | 5 | 41 | 27 | 39 | 33 | 20 | 44 | 70 | 109 | 94 | 147 | 183 | 224 | 367 | 367 | 277 | 370 | 538 | 576 | 648 |
| lithium ion secondary | 12 | 29 | 18 | 30 | 33 | 63 | 72 | 74 | 76 | 84 | 164 | 270 | 366 | 418 | 442 | 506 | 379 | 342 | 291 | 345 |
| copyright jpo ncipi | 5 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 154 | 364 | 269 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| secondary battery electrode | 29 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 55 | 82 | 113 | 109 | 95 | 122 | 146 | 286 | 417 | 422 | 384 | 400 | 419 | 441 | 435 | 593 |
| ion secondary battery | 10 | 25 | 15 | 23 | 32 | 58 | 68 | 73 | 75 | 81 | 162 | 261 | 331 | 409 | 428 | 468 | 388 | 337 | 300 | 357 |
| electrode current collector | 7 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 15 | 15 | 24 | 46 | 57 | 104 | 96 | 135 | 206 | 171 | 155 | 172 | 215 | 226 | 412 | 539 |
| active material lithium | 17 | 24 | 16 | 28 | 27 | 36 | 36 | 43 | 48 | 65 | 100 | 168 | 256 | 183 | 225 | 255 | 222 | 177 | 160 | 266 |
| power supply device | 11 | 3 | 25 | 7 | 20 | 28 | 35 | 28 | 84 | 60 | 80 | 140 | 227 | 259 | 285 | 222 | 228 | 256 | 281 | 348 |
| anode active material | 6 | 2 | 4 | 15 | 14 | 20 | 58 | 61 | 65 | 55 | 77 | 80 | 92 | 113 | 211 | 108 | 74 | 117 | 166 | 175 |
| power storage unit | 2 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 27 | 49 | 21 | 24 | 15 | 96 | 34 | 101 | 56 | 42 | 75 | 59 | 93 |
| plurality battery cell | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 28 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 135 | 175 | 229 | 177 | 206 | 212 | 232 | 314 | 351 |
| current collector electrode | 5 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 12 | 27 | 37 | 45 | 56 | 127 | 113 | 114 | 138 | 97 | 137 | 138 | 217 | 323 |
| cathode active material | 6 | 10 | 23 | 31 | 9 | 28 | 59 | 49 | 44 | 64 | 92 | 79 | 146 | 168 | 199 | 182 | 168 | 198 | 211 | 247 |
| power supply unit | 6 | 15 | 20 | 9 | 8 | 24 | 41 | 36 | 75 | 25 | 50 | 93 | 132 | 166 | 155 | 137 | 115 | 134 | 133 | 109 |
| wireless power transmission | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 23 | 33 | 115 | 105 | 183 | 172 | 154 | 223 | 143 | 148 |
| power receiving device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 35 | 20 | 39 | 71 | 116 | 172 | 109 | 81 | 88 | 118 | 90 |
| electrode mixture layer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 25 | 38 | 26 | 56 | 87 | 93 | 89 | 111 | 151 | 98 | 170 | 219 |
| power supply system | 7 | 20 | 25 | 18 | 27 | 21 | 32 | 52 | 47 | 59 | 82 | 150 | 187 | 162 | 165 | 145 | 166 | 185 | 218 | 241 |
| energy storage unit | 1 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 20 | 16 | 26 | 47 | 43 | 81 | 78 | 78 | 44 | 94 | 92 | 101 | 201 | 176 |
| electrical energy storage | 1 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 18 | 3 | 16 | 38 | 15 | 28 | 52 | 32 | 89 | 116 | 74 | 77 | 79 | 100 | 125 | 153 |
| material lithium ion | 5 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 5 | 17 | 12 | 18 | 23 | 33 | 63 | 106 | 162 | 134 | 153 | 181 | 142 | 125 | 126 | 140 |
| solid electrolyte layer | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 19 | 11 | 21 | 48 | 46 | 92 | 43 | 70 | 68 | 105 | 126 | 208 |
| battery management system | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 30 | 39 | 20 | 22 | 61 | 91 | 113 | 97 | 147 | 107 | 139 | 163 | 185 |
| printed circuit board | 9 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 16 | 24 | 16 | 13 | 22 | 26 | 48 | 41 | 48 | 31 | 46 | 83 | 41 | 114 | 71 |
| portable electronic device | 7 | 15 | 13 | 27 | 9 | 16 | 39 | 40 | 32 | 86 | 92 | 107 | 80 | 88 | 74 | 98 | 71 | 28 | 41 | 31 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 25 | 35 | 32 | 46 | 93 | 80 | 116 | 121 | 106 | 138 | 165 | 200 | 222 |
| power receiving coil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 16 | 5 | 38 | 72 | 122 | 42 | 39 | 46 | 82 | 45 |
| power supply circuit | 10 | 12 | 27 | 14 | 11 | 25 | 12 | 44 | 38 | 26 | 31 | 59 | 71 | 59 | 73 | 37 | 63 | 101 | 100 | 127 |
| transition metal oxide | 3 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 18 | 13 | 28 | 38 | 49 | 54 | 68 | 91 | 132 | 106 | 80 | 83 | 167 |
| collector electrode active | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 28 | 68 | 44 | 92 | 109 | 67 | 67 | 72 | 82 | 157 |
| power transmission device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 30 | 27 | 41 | 53 | 92 | 121 | 173 | 96 | 113 | 136 | 134 |
| battery electrode active | 5 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 21 | 14 | 22 | 44 | 25 | 36 | 39 | 77 | 128 | 120 | 115 | 133 | 111 | 133 | 102 | 122 |
| dc power supply | 8 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 11 | 14 | 32 | 11 | 17 | 11 | 44 | 73 | 21 | 51 | 43 | 70 | 41 | 42 | 64 |
| power reception device | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 15 | 43 | 80 | 61 | 118 | 75 | 89 | 118 | 74 |
| lithium transition metal | 8 | 16 | 6 | 19 | 24 | 31 | 20 | 19 | 36 | 29 | 42 | 74 | 75 | 82 | 106 | 138 | 112 | 87 | 112 | 138 |
| active material particle | 4 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 14 | 19 | 41 | 32 | 32 | 36 | 38 | 57 | 94 | 93 | 93 | 150 | 161 | 213 | 199 | 164 |
| material lithium secondary | 11 | 22 | 21 | 21 | 33 | 32 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 50 | 54 | 81 | 125 | 105 | 134 | 99 | 102 | 80 | 84 | 130 |
| electric power supply | 2 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 27 | 19 | 18 | 57 | 41 | 48 | 40 | 83 | 27 | 44 | 52 | 89 |
| wireless power transmitter | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 42 | 67 | 106 | 116 | 88 | 152 | 84 | 76 |
| active material electrode | 27 | 23 | 13 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 32 | 34 | 37 | 40 | 52 | 107 | 119 | 126 | 118 | 161 | 128 | 131 | 123 | 182 |
| aqueous electrolyte battery | 8 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 30 | 35 | 33 | 25 | 14 | 53 | 93 | 81 | 44 | 56 | 60 | 89 | 54 | 41 |
| aqueous secondary battery | 5 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 6 | 8 | 15 | 45 | 18 | 14 | 35 | 83 | 65 | 59 | 61 | 54 | 84 | 109 | 78 |
highest_abs_change_list_abstract_3_scaled[2]
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| copyright jpo ncipi | 5 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 120 | 232 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| copyright jpo inpit | 11 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 19 | 86 | 205 | 200 | 215 | 143 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| electrode active material | 91 | 70 | 64 | 102 | 106 | 100 | 123 | 129 | 119 | 127 | 126 | 192 | 185 | 173 | 167 | 179 | 163 | 155 | 143 | 181 |
| lithium secondary battery | 47 | 78 | 64 | 55 | 87 | 82 | 98 | 65 | 50 | 63 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 65 | 62 | 53 | 63 | 44 | 56 | 77 |
| active material layer | 17 | 8 | 26 | 23 | 29 | 61 | 58 | 67 | 54 | 67 | 55 | 71 | 62 | 74 | 63 | 50 | 43 | 60 | 64 | 80 |
| power storage device | 11 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 14 | 28 | 13 | 54 | 32 | 47 | 42 | 45 | 40 | 40 | 62 | 30 | 36 |
| energy storage device | 5 | 35 | 24 | 33 | 26 | 13 | 23 | 33 | 44 | 33 | 44 | 36 | 33 | 49 | 46 | 36 | 47 | 64 | 60 | 59 |
| electrolyte secondary battery | 26 | 23 | 36 | 30 | 50 | 47 | 56 | 55 | 73 | 46 | 33 | 42 | 45 | 36 | 55 | 55 | 53 | 34 | 27 | 37 |
| aqueous electrolyte secondary | 25 | 33 | 40 | 39 | 52 | 48 | 57 | 54 | 73 | 48 | 36 | 42 | 45 | 39 | 57 | 55 | 54 | 34 | 26 | 35 |
| lithium ion battery | 15 | 22 | 36 | 26 | 12 | 31 | 30 | 39 | 40 | 43 | 58 | 62 | 70 | 56 | 57 | 67 | 79 | 67 | 73 | 62 |
| secondary battery electrode | 30 | 23 | 19 | 21 | 43 | 52 | 58 | 51 | 38 | 43 | 43 | 56 | 62 | 57 | 48 | 52 | 54 | 52 | 45 | 54 |
| lithium ion secondary | 12 | 25 | 16 | 25 | 26 | 40 | 37 | 34 | 31 | 30 | 49 | 52 | 54 | 56 | 56 | 65 | 48 | 41 | 30 | 31 |
| power supply device | 11 | 3 | 22 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 34 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 29 | 32 |
| ion secondary battery | 10 | 21 | 13 | 19 | 25 | 37 | 35 | 34 | 30 | 29 | 48 | 51 | 49 | 55 | 54 | 61 | 50 | 40 | 31 | 32 |
| cathode active material | 6 | 9 | 20 | 26 | 7 | 18 | 30 | 23 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 15 | 22 | 23 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 22 |
| hydrogen storage alloy | 18 | 31 | 19 | 4 | 15 | 24 | 12 | 14 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| portable electronic device | 7 | 13 | 11 | 23 | 7 | 10 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 31 | 27 | 21 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| power supply unit | 6 | 13 | 18 | 8 | 6 | 15 | 21 | 17 | 30 | 9 | 15 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 10 |
| power storage unit | 2 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 14 | 5 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 8 |
| anode active material | 6 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 20 | 23 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 27 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 17 | 16 |
| energy storage unit | 1 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 13 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 21 | 16 |
| active material lithium | 17 | 21 | 14 | 24 | 21 | 23 | 18 | 20 | 19 | 23 | 30 | 33 | 38 | 25 | 28 | 33 | 28 | 21 | 17 | 24 |
| power supply circuit | 10 | 10 | 24 | 12 | 9 | 16 | 6 | 20 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 12 |
| electrode current collector | 7 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 21 | 23 | 37 | 28 | 26 | 30 | 23 | 20 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 43 | 49 |
| lead acid battery | 27 | 29 | 19 | 36 | 28 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 19 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 9 |
| electrical energy storage | 1 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 2 | 8 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 6 | 13 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| power supply voltage | 9 | 8 | 20 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 18 | 4 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| material lithium ion | 5 | 9 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 18 | 19 | 23 | 18 | 15 | 13 | 13 |
| power supply system | 7 | 17 | 22 | 15 | 21 | 13 | 16 | 24 | 19 | 21 | 24 | 29 | 28 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 22 |
| lithium transition metal | 8 | 14 | 5 | 16 | 19 | 20 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 12 | 13 |
| energy storage system | 0 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 20 |
| printed circuit board | 9 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 11 | 5 | 12 | 6 |
| electrode active substance | 1 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 9 |
| battery electrode active | 5 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 16 | 14 | 17 | 14 | 16 | 11 | 11 |
| aqueous secondary battery | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 18 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 7 |
| double layer capacitor | 14 | 26 | 23 | 16 | 24 | 24 | 21 | 16 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| active material particle | 4 | 5 | 11 | 5 | 11 | 12 | 21 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 11 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 19 | 21 | 25 | 21 | 15 |
| rechargeable lithium battery | 17 | 19 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| lithium sulfur battery | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 15 | 11 | 8 |
| lead storage battery | 0 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| plurality battery cell | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 26 | 26 | 31 | 22 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 32 | 32 |
| current collector electrode | 5 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 25 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 22 | 29 |
| material secondary battery | 3 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 5 | 6 |
| battery electrode assembly | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 11 | 6 | 19 | 15 | 13 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 7 |
| open circuit voltage | 5 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| material lithium secondary | 11 | 19 | 19 | 18 | 26 | 20 | 14 | 13 | 10 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 18 | 14 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 12 |
| dc power supply | 8 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 6 |
| transition metal oxide | 3 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 17 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 15 |
| voltage secondary battery | 8 | 4 | 9 | 11 | 5 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| aqueous electrolytic solution | 7 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 3 |